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91.
A Piecewise Grey System Model for Study the Effects of Anthropogenic Activities on Karst Hydrological Processes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yonghong Hao Bibo Cao Xiang Chen Jian Yin Ronglin Sun Tian-Chyi Jim Yeh 《Water Resources Management》2013,27(5):1207-1220
Sustainable groundwater development must rely on a good understanding of hydrological processes, especially under effects of anthropogenic activities. This paper develops a piecewise analysis based on grey system model for study effects of anthropogenic activities on hydrological processes. The time series of precipitation and spring discharge were segmented into three time periods depending on whether variations are due to climate variation: the predevelopment stage, the transition stage, and the new equilibrium stage. Then we modeled hydrological process of the predevelopment stage and new equilibrium stage by the grey system model. By comparing the model results, we can quantify the effects of human activities on hydrological processes. We applied the model to Liulin Springs China. The results indicated that the hydraulic response time of the spring discharge to precipitation from the predevelopment stage to the new equilibrium stage, ranges from less than 1 year to up to 4 years. The results revealed that human activities slow the groundwater flow. GM (1,N) models of Liulin Springs discharge showed that the driving coefficients of precipitation to the spring discharge decreased from 0.012272 in the predevelopment stage to 0.007753 in the new equilibrium stage, which means that groundwater recharge ability has reduced about 36.82 %. Human activities in Liulin Springs have drastically changed the groundwater system. Piecewise grey system model is a robust method for hydrological process simulation. 相似文献
92.
依据2011年中央1号文件关于建立水利工程投入稳定增长机制的政策措施,结合静宁县农村供水工程投资实际,探究建立公共财政投资和金融投资建设供水主体工程,群众投资投劳建设供水入户工程,社会资金投入提高供水入户标准的农村供水工程投入稳定增长机制,为工程实施提供资金保障. 相似文献
93.
This paper uses a penalty guided strategy based on an artificial bee colony algorithm (PGBC) to solve the redundancy allocation problem (RAP) in reliability series–parallel systems. The penalty strategy was designed to eliminate the equalities in constraints and formulate new objective operators which guarantee feasibility within a reasonable execution time. The PGBC is used to deal with two kinds of RAPs with a mix of components. In the first example, the RAPs are designed to find the appropriate mix of components and redundancies within a system in order to either minimize the cost in the context of a minimum level of reliability, or maximize reliability subject to a maximum cost and weight. The second example involves RAPs of multi-state series–parallel reliability structures, wherein each subsystem can consist of a maximum of two types of redundant components. The objective is to minimize the total investment cost of system design while satisfying system reliability constraints and the consumer load demands. There are five multi-state system design problems which have been solved for illustration in this example. The experimental results show that the PGBC can significantly outperform other existing methods in the literature with less cost, higher reliability, and a significantly shorter computational time. 相似文献
94.
Previous studies on business simulation games (BSGs) have concluded that improved performance may not be the primary benefit of using BSGs, due to mixed results between student performance and perceptions. Two relevant and insightful issues attract our attention, namely, the impacts of the heterogeneous student population and the different complexity levels of BSG software. To address these issues, the present study aims to understand the relationship between student profile/characteristics and performance in the classroom with BSG-facilitated learning. An in-depth case study is conducted on a general college course designed to teach three different complexities of BSGs to students enrolled in different majors. Four student profile factors are individually tested for differences in performance scores as evaluated by the teacher. Additionally, the influences of 11 student characteristics are assessed with regard their self-reported perceived learning performances. Regression analysis and ANOVA are used to investigate the impacts of heterogeneous users and game complexity on student performance. Based on the regression analyses of the data collected from 43 respondents who participated in the general course, the study concludes that knowledge and skill may influence the heterogeneous student population; moreover, student participation and tacit learning preference improve performance, and students with an auditory learning preference or high learning motivation may not perform well in classroom BSG learning. However, the low value of adjusted R square implies that more dimensions or variables are needed to increase the explaining power of the performance scores in the regression analyses. In contrast, heterogeneous BSG software with different complexity levels present different results. The current research contributes practical and incremental knowledge on the complexity of heterogeneous BSG software on performance scores and the perceived learning performance of heterogeneous student populations. With the research limitations acknowledged, a series of suggestions for teachers pertaining to appropriate applications of BSGs in classes is offered as well as recommendations to BSG providers. Nevertheless, in-depth analyses are required, preferably with larger student population samples, to further explore the insignificant relationship between student perceptions and attitude under nonlinear extended complexity. 相似文献
95.
Scheduling with learning effects has become a popular topic in the past decade; however, most of the research focuses on single-machine problems. In many situations, there are machines in parallel and the skills of workers might be different due to their individual experience. In this paper, we study a uniform parallel machine problem in which the objective is to jointly find an optimal assignment of operators to machines and an optimal schedule to minimize the makespan. Two heuristic algorithms are proposed and computational experiments are conducted to evaluate their performance. 相似文献
96.
A novel algorithm for land use and land cover classification using RADARSAT-2 polarimetric SAR data 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This study proposes a new four-component algorithm for land use and land cover (LULC) classification using RADARSAT-2 polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) data. These four components are polarimetric decomposition, PolSAR interferometry, object-oriented image analysis, and decision tree algorithms. First, polarimetric decomposition can be used to support the classification of PolSAR data. It is aimed at extracting polarimetric parameters related to the physical scattering mechanisms of the observed objects. Second, PolSAR interferometry is used to extract polarimetric interferometric information to support LULC classification. Third, the main purposes of object-oriented image analysis are delineating image objects, as well as extracting various textural and spatial features from image objects to improve classification accuracy. Finally, a decision tree algorithm provides an efficient way to select features and implement classification. A comparison between the proposed method and the Wishart supervised classification which is based on the coherency matrix was made to test the performance of the proposed method. The overall accuracy of the proposed method was 86.64%, whereas that of the Wishart supervised classification was 69.66%. The kappa value of the proposed method was 0.84, much higher than that of the Wishart supervised classification, which exhibited a kappa value of 0.65. The results indicate that the proposed method exhibits much better performance than the Wishart supervised classification for LULC classification. Further investigation was carried out on the respective contribution of the four components to LULC classification using RADARSAT-2 PolSAR data, and it indicates that all the four components have important contribution to the classification. Polarimetric information has significant implications for identifying different vegetation types and distinguishing between vegetation and urban/built-up. The polarimetric interferometric information extracted from repeat-pass RADARSAT-2 images is important in reducing the confusion between urban/built-up and vegetation and that between barren/sparsely vegetated land and vegetation. Object-oriented image analysis is very helpful in reducing the effect of speckle in PolSAR images by implementing classification based on image objects, and the textural information extracted from image objects is helpful in distinguishing between water and lawn. The decision tree algorithm can achieve higher classification accuracy than the nearest neighbor classification implemented using Definiens Developer 7.0, and the accuracy of the decision tree algorithm is similar with that of the support vector classification which is implemented based on the features selected using genetic algorithms. Compared with the nearest neighbor and support vector classification, the decision tree algorithm is more efficient to select features and implement classification. Furthermore, the decision tree algorithm can provide clear classification rules that can be easily interpreted based on the physical meaning of the features used in the classification. This can provide physical insight for LULC classification using PolSAR data. 相似文献
97.
利用平面波展开法计算空气背景中由圆形、正六边形和正方形介质柱构造的二维三角格子光子晶体的带隙结构,并研究介质折射率、光子晶体直径与晶格常数的比值对光子带隙宽度的影响。通过理论计算表明,Si和Ge这两种材料制成的光子晶体中,只有方柱模型的光子晶体才能产生完全光子禁带。 相似文献
98.
99.
Dihydroxyalcohols (DIOL route) and 2-methoxyethanol (MOE route) are two of the most commonly used solvents in preparing sol-gel
lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films. The employment of the PT(MOE) film as a buffer layer for PZT(DIOL) films not only offers
advantages of more precise film thickness and better adhesion to substrate, but also reduces the crystallization temperature,
improves the surface smoothness, and increases the grain size of the PZT(DIOL)/PT(MOE) composite films. The PT (MOE) buffer
layer also improves electrical properties, such as polarization-electric field behavior, fatigue endurance, and leakage behavior,
of PZT films. 相似文献
100.
Lau Anna S.; McCabe Kristen M.; Yeh May; Garland Ann F.; Wood Patricia A.; Hough Richard L. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,19(3):367
The authors tested the acculturation gap-distress hypothesis by examining whether parent-adolescent acculturation gaps were associated with greater conflict and youth conduct problems among 260 high-risk Mexican American families. The authors operationalized acculturation gaps in 2 ways: parent-youth mismatches in acculturation style, and parent-youth discrepancies in acculturation toward both mainstream and heritage cultures. Acculturation gaps were common, but results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that parent-youth discrepancies in acculturation toward mainstream and heritage cultures were not related to increased conflict or youth conduct problems. Conduct problems were no higher in families in which the adolescent was more aligned with mainstream culture than the parent. Unexpectedly, the authors found more youth conduct problems in families in which the youth was more aligned with traditional culture than the parent. The results call into question the assumption that the more rapid acculturation of adolescents to American culture inevitably leads to distress in minority families. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献