RO membrane solute rejection behavior at the initial stage ofcolloidal fouling

This study investigated the rejection of salt and inert organic compounds by reverse osmosis membranes during the initial stage of colloidal fouling. Results of laboratory-scale experiments showed that colloidal fouling caused a marked decrease in flux, salt rejection and rejection of organics with molecular weight (MW) smaller than about 100 g/mol. Removal of neutrally charged organics was mainly by size or steric exclusion. Rejection of xylose, which has MW >100 g/mol, was not affected much by colloidal fouling. The decrease in salt and low MW organic rejections during the initial stage of colloidal fouling was attributed to cake-enhanced concentration polarization, whereby the colloidal cake layer hindered back diffusion of solutes from the membrane surface to the bulk solution, resulting in higher solute concentration gradient across the membrane. At higher channel wall shear rate, the rates of colloidal deposition, flux decline, decrease in salt rejection, and decrease in low MW organic rejection were lower.     

重庆建筑与风土人情

通过对重庆两个旧居住区的调研,探讨山城建筑艺术与特点,以及具有民俗个性的生活空间,为今后的重庆建筑发展及旧区保护等问题的解决,提供素材。     

纤维素/聚乙烯醇共混物相容性的研究

本研究以二甲基亚砜(DMSO)—四乙基氯化铵溶剂体系制成纤维素/聚乙烯醇共混物,并采用粘度法、热分析法、X—射线衍射法和动态力学性能测定等对共混物中两种组分的相容性进行了分析与讨论。     

三角胶带传动动态应力应变测定的研究

三角胶带动态应力应变的试验装置和测量,目前,只能测定带速在2.5米/秒以下(转速最高为350转/分)的传动,与实际中一般应用5米/秒以上的情况尚有距离。本文为提高带速,新设计了简便易行的试验装置。其试验带速达7.5米/秒(转速为1000转/分),甚至可达更高速度。同时,自行设计了专用的测量电路,满足了本试验的需要。文中首次把大应变量金属丝应变片应用于三角胶带测试。由于试验带速的提高,满足了三角胶带实际工作要求,有助于深入研究带的疲劳强度和寿命。     

The FKBP5 Gene Affects Alcohol Drinking in Knockout Mice and Is Implicated in Alcohol Drinking in Humans

FKBP5 encodes FK506-binding protein 5, a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-binding protein implicated in various psychiatric disorders and alcohol withdrawal severity. The purpose of this study is to characterize alcohol preference and related phenotypes in Fkbp5 knockout (KO) mice and to examine the role of FKBP5 in human alcohol consumption. The following experiments were performed to characterize Fkpb5 KO mice. (1) Fkbp5 KO and wild-type (WT) EtOH consumption was tested using a two-bottle choice paradigm; (2) The EtOH elimination rate was measured after intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 2.0 g/kg EtOH; (3) Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was measured after 3 h limited access of alcohol; (4) Brain region expression of Fkbp5 was identified using LacZ staining; (5) Baseline corticosterone (CORT) was assessed. Additionally, two SNPs, rs1360780 (C/T) and rs3800373 (T/G), were selected to study the association of FKBP5 with alcohol consumption in humans. Participants were college students (n = 1162) from 21–26 years of age with Chinese, Korean or Caucasian ethnicity. The results, compared to WT mice, for KO mice exhibited an increase in alcohol consumption that was not due to differences in taste sensitivity or alcohol metabolism. Higher BAC was found in KO mice after 3 h of EtOH access. Fkbp5 was highly expressed in brain regions involved in the regulation of the stress response, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, dorsal raphe and locus coeruleus. Both genotypes exhibited similar basal levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT). Finally, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FKBP5 were found to be associated with alcohol drinking in humans. These results suggest that the association between FKBP5 and alcohol consumption is conserved in both mice and humans.     

活性污泥法处理难生物降解废水

本研究探讨难生物降解的碱法草浆黑液后续好氧生物处理的可能性。试验结果表明:引入部分生活污水、延长水力停留时间和缩短污泥龄可分别起到改善进水水质、延长微生物与难降解物质的接触时间以及提高污泥絮体的活住,增强吸附能力的作用。从而使得活性污泥法对难生物降解的碱法草浆黑液可进行有效的处理。     

框架-剪力墙结构在水平荷载作用下的弯矩迭代计算

利用框架结构中同时考虑结点转动与侧移的弯矩迭代计算方法,分析了水平荷载作用下框架-剪力墙结构的内力并计算出结构的侧移变形。本方法适用于沿房屋高度方向层间刚度相同或不相同的框架-剪力墙结构,作用有任意分布形式的水平荷载。     

孔径法测量铜带残余应力的试验研究

介绍了用于薄板残余应力测量的新方法——孔径法,该方法是通过测量冲孔直径的变化来间接求出各方向的残余应力;文中详细阐述了残余应力的标定方法;由于可针对不同材料建立了被测材料的平均应力(σ_l)与被测板材宽度(B)、厚度(H)以及冲孔后直径变化率(△D_i/D)之间的数学模型,因而使薄板残余应力测量变得简便而经济;此外还对该方法的分辨率与测量精度进行了实验、计算与分析。     

浅谈工程设计的质量管理与控制

论述了工程设计质量在基本建设中的重要作用,强调了质量问题是反映一个国家的文化水平、管理水平、生产力发展水平和民族素质的综合性标志,结合中国国情分析了工程建设质量水平上不去的原因。提出以科学管理为主导,运用先进的科学技术对工程设计质量实行控制,以推动设计质量不断进步。     

改善供热蒸汽锅炉给水品质前后锅炉排污率的设计计算

介绍了目前国内工业蒸汽锅炉房工艺设计中最常用的水处理系统中锅炉排污率的确定方法,提出了计算机程序框图,并进行了实例计算,为确定水处理方案建立基本数据和给水系统的设计提供可靠的基础。