The quest for primary motives: Biography and autobiography of an idea.

Suggests that behaviorism, psychoanalysis, and cognitive theory each relegate affect to the status of a dependent variable. The "cognitive revolution" emancipated the study of cognition from its cooption and distortion by behaviorism and by psychoanalytic theory. An "affect revolution" is now required to emancipate this radical new development from an overly imperialistic cognitive theory. The present author's theory is presented as a critique and as a remedy for this situation. (44 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The role of facial response in the experience of emotion: A reply to Tourangeau and Ellsworth.

Replies to R. Tourangeau and P. C. Ellsworth (see record 1981-00499-001), who tested a hypothesis about the role of voluntarily innervated facial responses in the experience of emotion and disconfirmed that hypothesis. The present author's theory would also have predicted that their hypothesis would be disconfirmed. The value of the technique of voluntary simulation of facial responses for the study of innate affects is seriously questioned. (5 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The experience of affect as a determinant of smoking behavior: A series of validity studies.

Conducted a series of 4 studies testing the validity of self-report data on the Tomkins-Ikard Smoking Scale concerning types of smoking. The hypothesis that smoking is related to source affect experience was supported in a study with 57 undergraduates and in a field study observing individuals at a race track. Smoking increased as a function of an increase in negative affect. The effect of smoking deprivation was studied by assessing craving in 24 university students during a 3-hr deprivation period and by assessing the number of cigarettes smoked by 32 Ss in a smoking clinic. The effect of deprivation and the ability to smoke on a schedule were related to the type of smoker. Psychological addicts suffered most from deprivation or scheduling. Data indicate that techniques for achieving cessation should be tailored to the individual and that techniques for managing negative affect should be developed to reduce smoking dependency. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ultrastrong Hierarchical Porous Materials via Colloidal Assembly and Oxidation of Metal Particles

Porous materials are useful as lightweight structures, bone substitutes, and thermal insulators, but exhibit poor mechanical properties compared to their dense counterparts. Biological materials such as bone and bamboo are able to circumvent this trade‐off between porosity and mechanical performance by combining pores at multiple length scales. Inspired by these biological architectures, a manufacturing platform that allows for the fabrication of Al₂O₃ foams and Al₂O₃/Al composites with hierarchical porosity and enhanced mechanical properties is developed. Macroscale pores are formed through the assembly of aluminum particles around templating air bubbles in wet foams, whereas the thermal oxidation of the metal particles above 800 °C generates porosity at the micrometer scale. After elucidating the mechanism of pore formation under different sintering conditions at the microscale, the mechanical performance of the resulting hierarchical foams using compression experiments and finite element simulations is evaluated. Porous materials manufactured via this simple approach are found to reach unparalleled mechanical properties with near‐zero sintering shrinkage and minimum loss in mechanical strength. The ability to produce macroscopic objects with ultrahigh strength at porosities up to 95% makes this an attractive manufacturing technology for the fabrication of high‐performance lightweight structures or advanced thermal and acoustic insulators.