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91.
92.
Cryogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol) [PVA] and three types of bioinsertions such as scleroglucan, cellulose microfibers, and zein, respectively, have been prepared using capacity of PVA to crosslink by repeated freezing–thawing cycles. The effect of the incorporation of biopolymers on the properties of PVA cryogel has been studied by using several techniques such as: scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared studies. The obtained biobased cryogel membranes were subjected to sorption and to diffusion experiments using Crystal Violet (CV), a dye commonly used in the textile industry and in medicine. Image analysis with CIELAB system was used both to monitor the cryogels loading with CV and to gain insight in the dye state into the gel, in correlation with the bioinsertion type and gels morphology. Dye diffusion but also sorption capacity of the cryogels was found to be closely related to the type of biopolymer. In this article the equilibrium (sorption isotherms) and transport properties (diffusion and permeability coefficients) of CV, in/through physical cross‐linked PVA hydrogel membranes with bioinsertions has been reported. The highest efficiency for the CV removal from aqueous solutions was obtained for the PVA/Scl cryogels. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41838. 相似文献
93.
María Cecilia Cimolai Silvia Alvarez Christoph Bode Heiko Bugger 《International journal of molecular sciences》2015,16(8):17763-17778
Sepsis is the manifestation of the immune and inflammatory response to infection that may ultimately result in multi organ failure. Despite the therapeutic strategies that have been used up to now, sepsis and septic shock remain a leading cause of death in critically ill patients. Myocardial dysfunction is a well-described complication of severe sepsis, also referred to as septic cardiomyopathy, which may progress to right and left ventricular pump failure. Many substances and mechanisms seem to be involved in myocardial dysfunction in sepsis, including toxins, cytokines, nitric oxide, complement activation, apoptosis and energy metabolic derangements. Nevertheless, the precise underlying molecular mechanisms as well as their significance in the pathogenesis of septic cardiomyopathy remain incompletely understood. A well-investigated abnormality in septic cardiomyopathy is mitochondrial dysfunction, which likely contributes to cardiac dysfunction by causing myocardial energy depletion. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to cause mitochondrial dysfunction in septic cardiomyopathy, although it remains controversially discussed whether some mechanisms impair mitochondrial function or serve to restore mitochondrial function. The purpose of this review is to discuss mitochondrial mechanisms that may causally contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and/or may represent adaptive responses to mitochondrial dysfunction in septic cardiomyopathy. 相似文献
94.
Synthesis of Novel Niobium Aluminide-Based Composites 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Daniel E. Garcia Silvia Schicker Jorn Bruhn Rolf Janssen Nils Claussen 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1997,80(9):2248-2252
A reactive sintering process has been used to produce almost fully dense composites with interpenetrating networks of NbAl3 and Al2 O3 . The process involves the reaction synthesis of niobium aluminides and Al2 O3 from compacts of intensively milled aluminum and Nb2 O5 powder mixtures. During carefully controlled heating under an inert atmosphere, the oxide reduction by aluminum to form niobium aluminides and Al2 O3 proceeds at temperatures below the melting point of aluminum. At temperatures of >1000°C, the reaction-formed niobium aluminides and Al2 O3 sinter. The present paper discusses processing parameters, such as attrition milling, the heating cycle, and the metal:ceramic ratio in the starting mixture, that control microstructure development and mechanical properties. 相似文献
95.
Silvia G. Schrank Wilhelm Gebhardt Humberto J. José Regina F. P. M. Moreira 《臭氧:科学与工程》2017,39(3):159-187
Ozone is an unstable and highly reactive gas applied in drinking water or wastewater treatment to oxidize and/or mineralize pollutants. Its application in wastewater treatment leads to a destruction of persistent pollutants combined with an improvement of biodegradability. The oxidation of organic and inorganic compounds in tannery wastewater at different pHs applying O3 was studied. Results after O3-treatment were determined by conventional wastewater parameters, e.g., total organic carbon (TOC), biochemical oxygen demand after 5 days (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), as well as by substance-specific mass spectrometric analytical techniques, i.e., gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography—mass and tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS and—MSn). In parallel, variations in the toxicity of the tannery wastewater against water organisms before and after O3-treatment were determined by means of biotoxicity testing, i.e., Daphnia magna Straus and Vibrio fischeri bioassays. 相似文献
96.
Cristhiane Caroline Ferrari Silvia Pimentel Marconi Germer José Maurício de Aguirre 《Drying Technology》2013,31(2):154-163
The purpose of this work was to study the effects of spray-drying conditions on the physicochemical characteristics of blackberry powder using a central composite rotatable design. Inlet air temperature (140–180°C) and maltodextrin concentration (5–25%) were employed as independent variables. Moisture content, hygroscopicity, anthocyanin retention, color, powder morphology, and particle size were analyzed. A higher inlet air temperature significantly increased the hygroscopicity of the powder, decreased its moisture content, and led to the formation of larger particles with smooth surfaces. Powders produced with higher maltodextrin concentrations were less hygroscopic, slightly lighter and less red, and had a lower moisture content. Anthocyanin retention was mainly affected by drying temperature due to the heat sensitivity of the pigment. The optimal processing conditions were an inlet air temperature of 140–150°C and maltodextrin concentration of 5–7%. Overall, these results indicate that good quality powders can be obtained by spray drying, with potential applications for the food industry. 相似文献
97.
Miguel Pinto Marlene Rebola Henriqueta Louro Alexandra M. M. Antunes Silvia S. José Maria Rocha 《Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds》2013,33(4):356-371
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most persistent and toxic organic micropollutants present in water and several of them are mutagenic and carcinogenic. Although it has been shown that chlorinated derivatives of PAHs (Cl-PAHs) may be formed during the water chlorination procedure, little is known about their potential genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. The objectives of the present work were to prepare and characterize the major chlorinated derivatives of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and fluoranthene (Fluo), to develop an analytical methodology for their quantification in water samples and to analyse their potential genotoxicity. Chlorinated standards were prepared by a newly developed two phase method (water/n-hexane) using sodium hypochlorite. 6-Chloro-benzo[a]pyrene was selectively obtained from BaP, while 1,3-dichloro-fluoranthene and 3-chloro-fluoranthene were obtained from Fluo. All products were isolated and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The formation of BaP- and Fluo-chlorinated derivatives under aqueous chlorination conditions was observed using a SPE-HPLC-FLD methodology. In addition, the cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of the three chlorinated derivatives were analyzed in comparison to their parent compounds, in a human-derived hepatoma cell line using the neutral red uptake and comet assays, respectively. The results showed that, at the equimolar doses of 100 and 125 μM, 6-Cl-BaP was able to induce a significantly higher level of DNA damage than BaP, suggesting a more potent genotoxic effect. In contrast, neither Fluo nor its chlorinated derivatives were genotoxic in the same cell line. The identification of new and possibly hazardous water chlorination by-product from PAHs emphasizes the need to minimize total organic carbon content of raw water and the implementation of safer water disinfection methods. 相似文献
98.
Dr. Cristina Tintori Ilaria Laurenzana Francesco La Rocca Dr. Federico Falchi Prof. Fabio Carraro Alba Ruiz Prof. José A. Esté Miroslava Kissova Dr. Emmanuele Crespan Prof. Giovanni Maga Prof. Mariangela Biava Dr. Chiara Brullo Prof. Silvia Schenone Prof. Maurizio Botta 《ChemMedChem》2013,8(8):1353-1360
Hematopoietic cell kinase (Hck) is a member of the Src family of non‐receptor protein tyrosine kinases. High levels of Hck are associated with drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia. Furthermore, Hck activity has been connected with HIV‐1. Herein, structure‐based drug design efforts were aimed at identifying novel Hck inhibitors. First, an in‐house library of pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine derivatives, which were previously shown to be dual Abl and c‐Src inhibitors, was analyzed by docking studies within the ATP binding site of Hck to select the best candidates to be tested in a cell‐free assay. Next, the same computational protocol was applied to screen a database of commercially available compounds. As a result, most of the selected compounds were found active against Hck, with Ki values ranging from 0.14 to 18.4 μM , confirming the suitability of the computational approach adopted. Furthermore, selected compounds showed an interesting antiproliferative activity profile against the human leukemia cell line KU‐812, and one compound was found to block HIV‐1 replication at sub‐toxic concentrations. 相似文献
99.
Dr. Stefan Peukert Dr. Feng He Miao Dai Rui Zhang Yingchuan Sun Dr. Karen Miller‐Moslin Michael McEwan Dr. Bharat Lagu Kate Wang Dr. Naeem Yusuff Aaron Bourret Arun Ramamurthy Dr. Wieslawa Maniara Adam Amaral Anthony Vattay Anlai Wang Ribo Guo Jing Yuan John Green Dr. Juliet Williams Dr. Silvia Buonamici Dr. Joseph F. Kelleher III Dr. Marion Dorsch 《ChemMedChem》2013,8(8):1261-1265
100.
This article presents different ways of obtaining hybrid models, which are composed of a simplified phenomenological model and one or several neural networks. As an example, we consider free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate, achieved through a batch bulk process, in which modeling of conversion and polymerization degrees is analyzed. Kinetics of the process is described through a simplified phenomenological model that does not take into account the gel and glass effects. This last part of the process, which is more difficult to model, is rendered by means of feed-forward neural networks with one or two hidden layers. In the present paper, the hybridization procedure is made in three ways: 1) the neural network corrects the outputs of the simplified kinetic model by modeling the residuals of conversion and polymerization degrees; 2) the neural network provides accurate values of the rate constants to the simplified kinetic model; 3) the neural network models that part of the process in which gel and glass effects appear. It is demonstrated that accurate results are obtained in all three cases, and the hybrid models are easily created and manipulated, especially because they are based on neural networks with quite simple topologies. 相似文献