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11.
Hamizah Md Rasid Nur Hanis Adila Azhar Siti Fairus M. Yusoff 《Journal of Polymer Research》2017,24(7):106
The modification of liquid natural rubber (LNR) has attracted interests among chemists as it brings improvements to several of its properties and widens its application to various fields. LNR can be modified into fluorinated LNR (F-LNR) which is of interest to industries due to its remarkable properties, including low surface energies, high thermal stabilities, together with its significant hydrophobic characters. In this work, a new route to prepare fluorinated rubber was presented. Hydroxylated LNR (OH-LNR) was initially synthesized in good yield via oxidation in the presence of tungsten complex catalyst and acetic acid with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. The optimum hydroxyl content of 57.0% was obtained within 6 h reaction time at 90 °C. In the second step, the esterification of OH-LNR using pentadecafluorooctanoyl chloride (PDFOC) under mild conditions was conducted, leading to LNR bearing fluoro groups in the side chain of LNR (F-LNR). ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was used to elucidate the structure and determine any changes in the functional groups that may have been induced during the reaction. 1H NMR spectroscopy was employed to reveal that a high fluorine content of 48.6% was obtained using 3:1 molar ratio of OH-LNR:PDFOC for 8 h at 50 °C. The microstructure of F-LNR was further analyzed using 19F NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopies, and the results confirmed the presence of fluorine in LNR. Thermogravimetric analyses also indicated that the modification improved thermal stability of the LNR. Contact angle measurements were also conducted to verify the hydrophobicity of the fluorinated rubber and the results obtained showed that F-LNR exhibited higher hydrophobicity than LNR. 相似文献
12.
Feasibility of recycled newspaper as cellulose source for regenerated cellulose membrane fabrication
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Mohamad Azuwa Mohamed W. N. W. Salleh Juhana Jaafar A. F. Ismail Muhazri Abd. Mutalib Siti Munira Jamil 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2015,132(43)
An environmental friendly regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) was successfully prepared via NaOH/urea aqueous solution system by utilizing recycled newspaper (RNP) as the cellulose source. The morphological and chemical structure of resulting membrane were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results from FTIR and XRD verified that the transparent RCM possesses cellulose II structure. SEM observation revealed that the transparent RCM consist of homogeneous dense symmetric membrane structure and composed of a skin layer with mean roughness parameter Ra, obtained from AFM analysis of 29.53 nm. Pure water flux, water content, water contact angle, porosity, and pore size of the resulting membrane were also measured. This study promotes the potential of the cellulose‐based membrane obtained from low cost cellulose source for application in filtration and separation system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42684. 相似文献
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Tan Chee Hau Yap Hwa Jen Musa Siti Nurmaya Chang Siow Wee Sivadas Chandra Sekaran Hisaburi Ahmad Syazwan Liew Kan Ern Ismail Ahmad Humaizi Baharudin Luqman Hakim 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2021,35(9):4115-4123
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - Facility layout planning (FLP) has an important role in manufacturing industries. There are few approaches to solve FLP such as procedural,... 相似文献
15.
Investigation on the effect of spinning conditions on the properties of hollow fiber membrane for hemodialysis application
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Sumarni Mansur Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman A. F. Ismail Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir Fatmawati Kamal Pei Sean Goh Hasrinah Hasbullah Bee Cheer Ng Mohd Sohaimi Abdullah 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2016,133(30)
Polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via the dry‐wet phase inversion spinning technique, aiming to produce an asymmetric, micro porous ultrafiltration hollow‐fiber specifically for hemodialysis membrane. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of spinning conditions on the morphological and permeation properties of the fabricated membrane. Among the parameters that were studied in this work are air gap distance, dope extrusion rate, bore fluid flow rate, and the take‐up speed. The contact angle was measured to determine the hydrophilicity of the fibers. Membrane with sufficient hydrophilicity properties is desired for hemodialysis application to avoid fouling and increase its biocompatibility. The influences of the hollow fiber's morphology (i.e., diameter and wall thickness) on the performance of the membranes were evaluated by pure water flux and BSA rejection. The experimental results showed that the dope extrusion rate to bore fluid flow rate ratio should be maintained at 1:1 ratio to produce a perfectly rounded asymmetric hollow fiber membrane. Moreover, the flux of the hollow fiber spun at higher air gap distance had better flux than the one spun at lower air gap distance. Furthermore, spinning asymmetric hollow fiber membranes at high air gap distance helps to produce a thin and porous skin layer, leading to a better flux but a relatively low percentage of rejection for BSA separation. Findings from this study would serve as primary data which will be a useful guide for fabricating a high performance hemodialysis hollow fiber membrane. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43633. 相似文献
16.
Siti Fauziyah Rahman Kyoungseon Min Seok-Hwan Park Jae-Hee Park Jin Cheol Yoo Don-Hee Park 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2016,33(12):3442-3447
Dopamine (3,4-dihydroxylphenyl ethylamine) is the most significant neurotransmitter in the human nervous system. Abnormal dopamine levels cause fatal neurological disorders, and thus measuring dopamine level in actual samples is important. Although electrochemical methods have been developed for detecting dopamine with high accuracy, certain substances (e.g., ascorbic acid) in actual samples often interfere with electrochemical dopamine detection. We developed tyrosinase-based dopamine biosensor with high sensitivity and selectivity. An electrochemically pretreated tyrosinase/multi-walled carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode (tyrosinase/MWNT/GCE) was prepared as an amperometric biosensor for selective dopamine detection. For optimizing the biosensor performance, pH, temperature, and scan rate were investigated. The electrochemically pretreated tyrosinase/MWNT/GCE exhibited not only the highest sensitivity (1,323 mAM?1 cm?2) compared to previously reported tyrosinase-based dopamine sensors, but also good long-term stability, retaining 90% of initial activity after 30 days. Additionally, ascorbic acid, a major interfering substances, was not oxidized at the potential used to detect dopamine oxidation, and the interfering effect of 4mM ascorbic acid was negligible when monitoring 1mM dopamine. Consequently, the electrochemically pretreated tyrosinase/MWNT/GCE is applicable for highly selective and sensitive dopamine detection in actual samples including interfering substances, thereby extending the practical use to monitor and diagnose neurological disorders. 相似文献
17.
Joost Duvigneau Edit Kutnyanszky In Yee Phang Hong-Jing Chung Hairong Wu Lionel Dos Ramos Torben Gädt Siti Fairus M. Yusoff Mark A. Hempenius Ian Manners G. Julius Vancso 《Polymer》2014
We report on the morphology evolution during heating and melting of lamellar poly(isoprene)-block-poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) (PI76-b-PFDMS76) raft crystals deposited at the native oxide surface of silicon (SiO2) or at a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface, studied by in situ temperature controlled atomic force microscopy. Crystals deposited on hydrophilic SiO2 surfaces revealed an irreversible decrease in length at temperatures of up to tens of degrees above their expected melting temperature, while maintaining their platelet-like structure. Crystals deposited on hydrophobic HOPG surfaces initially decreased in length below their expected melting temperature, while at 120 °C and above a typical molten morphology was observed. In addition, the irreversible formation of a PI76-b-PFDMS76 wetting layer around the crystals was observed upon increasing the temperature. These observations in the morphological behavior upon heating emphasize the role of interfacial energy between a surface deposited block copolymer based macromolecular nanostructure and its supporting substrate. 相似文献
18.
Noriah Bidin Siti Radhiana Azni Shumaila Islam Mundzir Abdullah M. Fakaruddin Sidi Ahmad Ganesan Krishnan A. Rahman Johari M. Aizat A. Bakar Nur Syahirah Sahidan NurFatin Musa M. Farizuddin Salebi Naqiuddin Razali Mohd Marsin Sanagi 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2017,42(26):16325-16332
Hydrogen production via water electrolysis was studied under the effect of magnetic and optical field. A diode solid state laser at blue, green and red were utilized as optical field source. Magnetic bar was employed as external magnetic field. The green laser has shown a greatest effect in hydrogen production due to its non-absorbance properties in the water. Thus its intensity of electrical field is high enough to dissociation of hydronium and hydroxide ions during orientation toward polarization of water. The potential to break the autoprotolysis and generate the auto-ionization is the mechanism of optical field to reveal the hydrogen production in water electrolysis. The magnetic field effect is more dominant to enhance the hydrogen production. The diamagnetic property of water has repelled the present of magnetic in water. Consequently the water splitting occurs due to the repulsive force induced by the external magnetic field. The magnetic distributed more homogenous in the water to involve more density of water molecule. As a result hydrogen production due to magnetic field is higher in comparison to optical field. However the combination both fields have generated superior effect whereby the hydrogen yields nine times higher in comparison to conventional water electrolysis. 相似文献
19.
Modeling the light attenuation phenomenon during photoautotrophic growth of A. variabilis ATCC 29413 in a batch photobioreactor
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20.
Zahari Taha Hartomo Soewardi Siti Zawiah Md Dawal 《International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics》2014
One of the negative side effects experienced by users when interacting with virtual environment is visual symptoms. This paper explores the ergonomics design parameters of the virtual environment to minimize such negative side effect by applying axiomatic design principles. Axiomatic design is a method to provide a systematic way for designing products and large systems. The independence axiom is used to map customer domain (CAs) to functional domain (FRs) and physical domain (DPs). A paper based survey was conducted to identify and define customers' preference in the virtual environment. A virtual robot manufacturing system was developed as a case study to explore ergonomic design parameters that satisfy the independence of FRs and CAs. Results of this study shows that the ergonomic design parameters of virtual environment identified (DP161-DP162-DP121-DP111-DP131-DP141-DP151-DP152) have satisfied the independence functional requirement and desired visual comfort for users. By uncoupling the design it provides an efficient and effective sequence of design activities FR161-FR162-FR121-FR111-FR131-FR141-FR151-FR152. 相似文献