Reducing average and peak temperatures of VLSI CMOS circuits by means of evolutionary algorithm applied to high level synthesis

In this paper an adaptive evolutionary algorithm (AEA) for high-level synthesis, resulting in reduction of the power dissipation in CMOS circuits is presented. It enables us to design contemporary electronic circuits/systems with minimisation of the peak and average power consumption, which leads to reduction of the peak and average temperature of the designed chip. Therefore, the reliability of the integrated circuit (IC) can be improved. The results of experiments carried out for the chosen benchmark circuits show that the achieved reduction of power consumption varies from 4 to 52%.     

Simulations of the effect of hydrodynamic conditions and properties of membranes on the catalytic performance of a fluidized-bed membrane reactor for partial oxidation of methane

In a fluidized-bed membrane reactor the selectivity of separation can be controlled by influencing the hydrodynamics of the fluidized bed. In this reactor type, with the mass transport limitation between bubbles and the emulsion phase, even with the non-selective membranes, high selectivity of separation can be achieved. This opens the possibility for applications of membrane reactors for reaction systems for which selective membranes do not exist, e.g. when Knudsen-type membranes or form-selective separation can not be applied. This paper is aimed at explaining the interaction between the selectivity of separation and the hydrodynamics of the fluidized bed by means of simulations that were performed for a fluidized-bed membrane reactor for catalytic partial oxidation of methane.     

Use of disalicylaldehydoethylenediamine in the determination of iron in mineral waters

In experiments carried out in mice, it was shown that amantadine (adamantine) (50, 75, 100 and 200 mg/kg i.p.) reduced the exploratory activity. This phenomenon was due not to reduction of the locomotion and of the muscular force. Amantadine in large doses had a slight convulsant action; at the same dose (100 mg/kg i.p.) it greatly potentiated the convulsant effects of pentetrazol. On Haffner's test amantadine had no analgesic activity.     

Coupled boundary-element scheme for eddy-current computation

The mathematical foundation of a symmetric boundary-element method for the computation of eddy currents in a linear homogeneous conductor which is exposed to an alternating magnetic field is presented. Starting from the A-based variational formulation of the eddy-current equations and a related transmission problem, the problem inside and outside the conductors is reformulated in terms of integral equations on the boundary of the conductors. Surface currents occur as new unknowns of this direct formulation. The integral equations can be coupled in a symmetric fashion using the transmission conditions for the vector potential A and the magnetic field H. The resulting variational problem is elliptic in suitable trace spaces. A conforming Galerkin boundary-element discretization is employed, which relies on surface edge elements and provides quasi-optimal discrete approximations for the tangential traces of A and H. Surface stream functions supplemented with co-homology vector fields ensure the vital zero divergence of the discrete equivalent surface currents. Simple expressions allow the computation of approximate total Ohmic losses and surface forces from the discrete boundary data.     

Dendritic cells express multiple chemokine receptors used as coreceptors for HIV entry

Cells of the dendritic lineage are thought to be among the first cells infected after mucosal exposure to HIV. In this study, we have identified the presence of multiple chemokine receptors on dendritic cells (DC) that may function as coreceptors for HIV entry. DC effectively used CCR5 for entry of macrophage (M)-tropic isolates. CCR3, the eotaxin receptor, initially identified on eosinophils, is expressed on DC and may be used as an entry coreceptor by certain dual-tropic strains. CXCR4 was not expressed on DC, although SDF-1 induced a calcium flux and DC could be infected by T cell line (T)-tropic HIV. Our findings provide evidence for the presence of a non-CXCR4 SDF-1 receptor on DC that is used mainly by T-tropic strains of HIV. DC from individuals homozygous for a 32-bp deletion of the CCR5 gene are also infectable with M-tropic strains of HIV-1, and this infection is inhibited by stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)1, suggesting that this receptor can also be used by M-tropic HIV for entry. Delineation of the spectrum of coreceptor usage on DC may offer new approaches to interfere with the initiation and propagation of HIV infection.