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61.
This note shows how the transmission system can enhance competition in price-regulated power industries, thus extending earlier findings reported in the literature for deregulated industries. In the context of a two-technology, price-regulated power industry, we show that the interconnection of two markets initially supplied by a different monopoly reduces market power and raises welfare. We also show that the capacity of the transmission line plays a key role in determining whether market equilibrium lies closer to competition or monopoly. 相似文献
62.
The multi-hop multi-rate wavelength division multiplexing ring 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cerutti I. Fumagalli A. Tacca M. Lardies A. Jagannathan R. 《Lightwave Technology, Journal of》2000,18(12):1649-1656
Transparency of the optical layer offers the possibility to design a network that operates at varying transmission bit rates. While variable bit rate interfaces are being tested and will soon provide the possibility to optimally select the transmission rate for each optical channel, the potential advantages of relying upon multiple transmission rates in the optical network have yet to be fully explored. In this paper, we define the concept of multi-hop and multi-rate (M&M for short) network in which the tributary signal is transmitted over a concatenation of optical channels, with each optical channel operating at its own transmission rate. The optimal rate of each optical channel is determined by a number of factors including the end node's interface, amount of multiplexed traffic and cost of the network components. The potential advantages provided by the M&M network when compared to first generation optical networks (i.e., SONET/SDH), to single- and multi-hop (constant bit rate) optical networks, are discussed in general and demonstrated numerically in a WDM ring. Presented results show that the network cost reduction achieved by the M&M design is a function of the cost ratio between the optical bandwidth (wavelengths) and the optical terminals 相似文献
63.
Mercedes Jimenez Josefa Escribano Manuela Pérez-Gilabert Soledad Chazarra Juana Cabanes Francisco García-Carmona 《Lipids》2001,36(10):1169-1174
Patatin was extracted from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Spunta) and purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate salt fractionation and one sole chromatographic step. A spectrophotometric
mixed micellar assay for patatin lipid acyl hydrolase (LAH) activity was designed with the detergent octaethylene glycol monododecyl
ether (C12E8). Patatin LAH used p-nitrophenyl butyrate (PNP-butyrate) as substrate when solubilized in (C12E8) micelles. In the mixed micellar system, patatin LAH responds to the PNP-butyrate surface concentration expressed as mol%
(=[PNP-butyrate]·100/([detergent]-critical micellar concentration)) and not to the molarity of PNP-butyrate. The kinetic parameters
were determinined; V
max was independent of the mixed micelle concentration, as was K
m, when expressed as mol%. However, K
m was dependent on C12E8 concentration when expressed in molar concentration. C12E8/PNP-butyrate proved to be a reliable system for assaying patatin LAH activity and is superior to the commonly used Triton
X-100 and SDS methods. It permits investigation of the substrate requirements of patatin LAH activity because the concentration-independent
K
m can be determined both in mol% and as the absolute number of substrate molecules per micelle. In addition, the detergent
did not affect the enzyme activity. 相似文献
64.
Ishwor Poudel Manjusha Annaji Fajar Setyo Wibowo Robert D. Arnold Oladiran Fasina Brian Via Vijaya Rangari Maria Soledad Peresin Forrest Smith Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran Amit K. Tiwari R. Jayachandra Babu 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(22)
Hispolon, a phenolic pigment isolated from the mushroom species Phellinus linteus, has been investigated for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties; however, low solubility and poor bioavailability have limited its potential clinical translation. In this study, the inclusion complex of hispolon with Sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBEβCD) was characterized, and the Hispolon-SBEβCD Complex (HSC) was included within the sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) to further investigate its anticancer activity against melanoma cell lines. The HSC-trapped-Liposome (HSC-SL) formulation was investigated for its sustained drug delivery and enhanced cytotoxicity. The inclusion complex in the solid=state was confirmed by a Job’s plot analysis, molecular modeling, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The HSC-SL showed no appreciable deviation in size (<150 nm) and polydispersity index (<0.2) and improved drug encapsulation efficiency (>90%) as compared to control hispolon liposomes. Individually incorporated hispolon and SBEβCD in the liposomes (H-CD-SL) was not significant in loading the drug in the liposomes, compared to HSC-SL, as a substantial amount of free drug was separated during dialysis. The HSC-SL formulation showed a sustained release compared to hispolon liposomes (H-SLs) and Hispolon-SBEβCD liposomes (H-CD-SLs). The anticancer activity on melanoma cell lines (B16BL6) of HSC and HSC-SL was higher than in H-CD-SL and hispolon solution. These findings suggest that HSC inclusion in the HSC-SL liposomes stands out as a potential formulation approach for enhancing drug loading, encapsulation, and chemotherapeutic efficiency of hispolon and similar water insoluble drug molecules. 相似文献
65.
Matías L. Picchio María Soledad Orellano Maria Angela Motta Cristián Huck-Iriart Daniel Sánchez-deAlcázar Rocío López-Domene Beatriz Martín-García Aitor Larrañaga Ana Beloqui David Mecerreyes Marcelo Calderón 《Advanced functional materials》2024,34(18):2313747
Therapeutic deep eutectic solvents (THEDES) are an emerging family of eutectic mixtures gaining increasing interest in the biomedical space. The immobilization of THEDES into polymer networks allows bioactive eutectogels to expand their application scope to topical drug delivery. Herein, this work presents the first set of elastomeric eutectogels constructed by supporting a therapeutic eutectic system with skin permeation ability in a protein scaffold dynamically crosslinked by a natural polyphenol. In this ionic eutectic, gelatin undergoes gelation through an unexpected mechanism in striking contrast with classical hydrogels, which is herein thoroughly studied. Interestingly, the polyphenol controls the conformation of the protein structure, enabling tuning up the mechanical and viscoelastic behavior of the dynamic eutectogel networks from elastic to hyperelastic. The resultant protein eutectogels exhibit strain-hardening behavior, thermoreversible gel-to-sol transition, and excellent adhesive performance. Furthermore, these versatile materials retain the bioactivity of the liquid THEDES and favor skin occlusion, assisting the delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances in ex vivo porcine skin in a time-dependent penetration process. These ultrastretchable eutectogels show new interplays between protein scaffolds and eutectic mixtures, paving the way for innovative therapeutic soft materials. 相似文献
66.
Agustín Helal Roberto Kreimerman Soledad Gutiérrez Ana I. Torres 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2019,65(12):e16775
Actors willing to participate in biomass-based value chains need to screen through a vast number of product options to identify the most promising ones. This is challenging as (a) processes for biomass-based chemicals/materials are still in development stage, thus do not perform well in techno-economic evaluations, (b) factors as which and how many links of the value chain should be uptaken, are not fully addressed by techno-economic analysis. Inspired by the Five Forces framework for industry analysis, this work presents an algorithm-like approach for assessing the attractiveness of biomass-based products. The algorithm relies on market data to classify the different sources as posing a low, medium, or high threat to the profit of a company that is considering production of a certain chemical/material. The approach is exemplified by analyzing the attractiveness of the biomass-lactic acid-polylactic acid route in the context of defining pathways for development of a biomass-based industry in Uruguay. 相似文献
67.
An all-epitaxial monolithic vertical cavity surface emitting laser grown on GaSb substrate is presented. The structure is composed of two n-doped AlAsSb/GaSb distributed Bragg reflectors, a type-I GalnAsSb/AlGaAsSb multi-quantum-well active region and a tunnel junction. Quasi continuous-wave laser operation is demonstrated at 2.3 mum up to room temperature. Threshold current densities of 0.8 and 0.6 kA/cm-2 are obtained at 300 and 280 K for 80 mum-diameter devices (1 mus pulses, 10% duty cycle). A peak output optical power of 2 mW was achieved at 280 K. 相似文献
68.
Cerutti L. Garnache A. Ouvrard A. Garcia M. Cerda E. Genty F. 《Electronics letters》2004,40(14):869-871
Operation of a diode-pumped AlGaAsSb/GaInAsSb type-I quantum-well vertical cavity surface emitting laser emitting near 2.36 /spl mu/m is reported. The epitaxial structure, grown on GaSb by molecular beam epitaxy consists of a GaSb/AlAsSb Bragg reflector and a GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb active region. A circular TEM/sub 00/ low-divergence laser operation is demonstrated in continuous-wave mode operation from 268 up to 308K. A threshold of 5.5 kW/cm/sup 2/ at 268K has been measured. 相似文献
69.
Jaume Jordán Stella Heras Soledad Valero Vicente Julián 《Computational Intelligence》2015,31(3):418-441
Multiagent systems are suitable for providing a framework that allows agents to perform collaborative processes in a social context. Furthermore, argumentation is a natural way of reaching agreements between several parties. However, it is difficult to find infrastructures of argumentation offering support for agent societies and their social context. Offering support for agent societies allows representation of more realistic environments to have argumentation dialogues. We propose an infrastructure to develop and execute argumentative agents in an open multiagent system. It offers tools to develop agents with argumentation capabilities. It also offers support for agent societies and their social context. The infrastructure is publicly available. Also, it has been implemented in an application scenario where argumentative agents try to reach an agreement about the best solution to solve a problem reported to the system. 相似文献
70.
Daniel P. Schwartz Aly H. Rady Soledad Castañeda 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(4):441-444
A fast-food fat (mostly tallow), olive oil and safflower oil were heated in air for 4 d and periodically analyzed for oxofatty
acids (OFA), monohydroxy-fatty acids (HFA) and polyhydroxy-fatty acids (PHFA). After transmethylation, the OFA were estimated
as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, and the HFA and PHFA were quantitated as pyruvic acid 2,6-dinitrophenylhydrazone esters. At
least half of the maximum concentration attained for OFA, HFA and PHFA was generated between 16–24 h of heating of each oil.
Safflower oil contained greater concentrations of HFA and PHFA than either olive oil or the fast-food fat. The fastfood fat
sample contained a greater concentration of OFA than did the other oils. The sum of the concentrations of OFA, HFA and PHFA
at the time of maximum formation in the oils was approximately 260 μmoles/g at 48–72 h for safflower, 200 μmoles/g at 48–72
h for olive and 170 μmoles/g at 72 h for the fast-food fat.
Presented at the 79th Annual AOCS Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, May 8–12, 1988. 相似文献