Transition to chronic pain in men with low back pain: Predictive relationships among pain intensity, disability, and depressive symptoms.

Pain intensity, disability, and depressive symptoms are hallmarks of chronic pain conditions, but little is known about the relationships among these symptoms in the transition from acute to chronic pain. In this study, an inception cohort of men with low back pain (N?=?78) was assessed at 2, 6, and 12 months after pain onset. At 6 months, pain intensity, disability, and depressive symptoms were predicted only by their respective levels at 2 months after pain onset. At 12 months, pain intensity and depressive symptoms were predicted by heightened disability at 6 months after pain onset; 12-month depressive symptoms also were predicted by 2-month disability. Pain intensity was not predictive of changes in disability or depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that functional disability plays a more prominent role than pain intensity in the transition from acute to chronic pain. A "failure to adapt" conceptual model is presented to account for these results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

3D Interaction with the Desktop Bat

Many applications now demand interaction with visualizations of 3D scenes and data sets. Current flat 2D displays are limited in their capacity to provide this not only by the display technology but the interaction metaphors and devices used. The Desktop Bat is a device that has 5 degrees of freedom whilst retaining the simplicity of use o fa mouse. To use it for general 3D interaction several metaphors were created for the tasks of navigation and cursor manipulation and a set of experiments were conducted to determine which metaphors were the most efficient in use. Of these metaphors, a velocity control metaphor was the best for navigation and a metaphor that applied rotations and translations relative to the eyepoint coordinate system was best for object control.     

Analysis of oxyanion (BO33?, CO32?, SO42?, PO43?, SeO44-) substitution in Y123 compounds studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

XPS core level spectra of Y123 compounds doped by C, B, S, P, and Se elements are presented. It is found that the C1s, E1s, S2p, P2p, and Se3d binding energies of doped compounds are close to those of CaCO₃, FeBO₃, CuSO₄, NaH₂,PO₄, and SeO₂, reference compounds. It is concluded that these impurity elements form oxyanion groups in Y123 compounds.     

Measurements of drop size in liquid/liquid systems by sedimentation

Sedimentation velocities and drop sizes have been observed in batch dispersions of two immiscible liquids during collapse of the dispersion created by agitation in a tank. It is shown that existing relationships between particle size, sedimentation velocity and fractional hold-up of dispersed phase can be used to obtain characteristic drop sizes from data on sedimentation velocity and hold-up in batch tests. This sedimentation technique is simple and rapid but approximate. It may be used to estimate drop sizes in stirred tanks when other methods usually fail, for example when the liquids are strongly coloured or hold-up of the dispersed phase is near 50%. In industrial laboratories interpretation of the characteristics of a particular system, particularly sensitivity of drop size to stirring conditions, will improve mixer-settler design procedures for example. It is unlikely that sophisticated photographic techniques will be widely used in this role.     

A partial hierarchical regionalization of 3,140 US counties on the basis of 1965-1970 intercounty migration

"Because of a special tabulation recently completed by the US Bureau of the Census for the 1965-1970 period, interareal migration flows--for the first time--can be examined on the level of the 3,140 counties.... Preliminary results, restricted to six (of a theoretically possible 3,139) levels, are discussed here. They provide some indications of the full results, as well as an upper bound (40,000) on the number of largest doubly standardized values it is necessary to consider in the full clustering."     

Micromachined infrared pneumatic detector for gas sensor

We present a micromachined IR detector based on the principle of a pneumatic cell and suited as an IR detector in a miniaturised gas sensor. The detector basically consists of a sealed cavity, in which the heat generated by absorbed IR light results in an increased gas pressure. This pressure rise is detected capacitively. The theoretical performance of a 1 mm² micromachined device is calculated, and it is shown that a detectivity of 3.6·10⁹ cm. Hz^1/2/W can be expected. Moreover, a pneumatic gas leak is proposed to avoid thermal drift. Using conventional Silicon micromachining techniques, a prototype was fabricated which confirmed the principle of operation., The experimental results are compared to the theory.     

Graphics Object Management in The X Window System

This paper describes a library for the creation and manipulation of geometrically defined graphical objects in The X Window System Objects are arranged in a 2.5D space, and can be transformed, made invisible or visible, or have their priority changed. Transformation of objects occurs immediately and with full damage repair, thus providing an essential requirement for the support of interactive graphics. The paper reports on an experimental implementation of the library and also discusses the implications of graphical objects in the X environment.     

GRAPH—An interactive program based on the Graphical Kernel System

This paper describes a program which provides an interactive command driven interface to the Graphical Kernel System (GKS).