全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3775篇 |
免费 | 137篇 |
国内免费 | 9篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 70篇 |
综合类 | 5篇 |
化学工业 | 652篇 |
金属工艺 | 122篇 |
机械仪表 | 83篇 |
建筑科学 | 166篇 |
矿业工程 | 14篇 |
能源动力 | 62篇 |
轻工业 | 412篇 |
水利工程 | 26篇 |
石油天然气 | 8篇 |
无线电 | 289篇 |
一般工业技术 | 657篇 |
冶金工业 | 857篇 |
原子能技术 | 27篇 |
自动化技术 | 471篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 29篇 |
2022年 | 20篇 |
2021年 | 52篇 |
2020年 | 54篇 |
2019年 | 29篇 |
2018年 | 86篇 |
2017年 | 100篇 |
2016年 | 93篇 |
2015年 | 82篇 |
2014年 | 127篇 |
2013年 | 200篇 |
2012年 | 177篇 |
2011年 | 185篇 |
2010年 | 163篇 |
2009年 | 152篇 |
2008年 | 152篇 |
2007年 | 130篇 |
2006年 | 106篇 |
2005年 | 112篇 |
2004年 | 96篇 |
2003年 | 88篇 |
2002年 | 95篇 |
2001年 | 70篇 |
2000年 | 75篇 |
1999年 | 63篇 |
1998年 | 245篇 |
1997年 | 162篇 |
1996年 | 102篇 |
1995年 | 86篇 |
1994年 | 68篇 |
1993年 | 68篇 |
1992年 | 37篇 |
1991年 | 36篇 |
1990年 | 31篇 |
1989年 | 28篇 |
1988年 | 27篇 |
1987年 | 35篇 |
1986年 | 27篇 |
1985年 | 25篇 |
1984年 | 25篇 |
1983年 | 25篇 |
1982年 | 23篇 |
1981年 | 23篇 |
1980年 | 23篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 19篇 |
1976年 | 67篇 |
1975年 | 29篇 |
1974年 | 18篇 |
1971年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有3921条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
41.
In this paper, a nano-scratch testing approach was used to measure and evaluate the abrasion wear resistance of high-chromium white cast irons in order to understand the wear mechanism in the interaction between the high-chromium white cast iron and the cBN cutting tool during the machining process. Scratch testing was performed on a nanoindentation instrument using a diamond indenter as the scratch tool. Linear multi-pass scratches in the same path were made on pre-worn surfaces of test materials. The correlation of the scratching resistance and tool wear measured from the machining is presented by the flank wear and maximum scratch depth. The appearance of the cutting edge on a cBN tool suggests that the abrasion wear is mainly related with a combined effect of the carbides and the matrix during machining the high-chromium white cast iron. 相似文献
42.
Junying Min Patrick Seim Denis Störkle Lars Thyssen Bernd Kuhlenkötter 《International Journal of Material Forming》2017,10(5):729-739
A thermal model was built to account for the effects of geometrical parameters of sheet specimen, process parameters and material parameters on the temperature increase of the sheet specimen in Electricity-Assisted Incremental Sheet Forming (EISF). In the EISF, the local area of sheet specimen contacting with a forming tool is heated by direct current, which flows through the forming tool to the sheet specimen. EISF experiments of two high strength steel sheets were carried out to validate the thermal model. The thermal model can be integrated into the control program of EISF system to achieve more accurate temperature control. 相似文献
43.
Konstantinos Agathos Eleni Chatzi Stéphane P. A. Bordas Demosthenes Talaslidis 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2016,105(9):643-677
A variation of the extended finite element method for three‐dimensional fracture mechanics is proposed. It utilizes a novel form of enrichment and point‐wise and integral matching of displacements of the standard and enriched elements in order to achieve higher accuracy, optimal convergence rates, and improved conditioning for two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional crack problems. A bespoke benchmark problem is introduced to determine the method's accuracy in the general three‐dimensional case where it is demonstrated that the proposed approach improves the accuracy and reduces the number of iterations required for the iterative solution of the resulting system of equations by 40% for moderately refined meshes and topological enrichment. Moreover, when a fixed enrichment volume is used, the number of iterations required grows at a rate which is reduced by a factor of 2 compared with standard extended finite element method, diminishing the number of iterations by almost one order of magnitude. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
44.
Corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete structures is a recurrent problem affecting civil engineering structures and costing the world billions of dollars per year. This physical phenomenon mainly results from chloride ingress or concrete carbonation. Corrosion can be diagnosed through a nondestructive method such as half-cell potential measurements. The present paper studies this method on a reinforced concrete wall containing eighteen unconnected steel bars and subjected to chloride-induced macrocell corrosion. Three corrosion systems with different configurations of connections between the steel bars are generated, involving three different anode-to-cathode surface ratios. Then, half-cell potential variations are observed versus macrocell corrosion current. The results lead to a critical discussion regarding the physical relevance of the usual potential threshold method to detect corroding rebars in reinforced concrete structures. In addition, the experiments demonstrate that electrical continuity between reinforcing steel bars is not necessary to get meaningful information about the macrocell corrosion system. At last, the paper show that the electric field (potential gradient) relative to a macrocell corrosion system may be measured by connecting the measurement system (reference electrode?+?voltmeter) to any electrochemical system in electrolytic contact with the concrete. 相似文献
45.
This article studied the effects of low-velocity impact on the failure stresses and stiffness using a pendulum test. The specimens were of variable depth (20, 30, and 40 mm), a width of 50 mm, length of 650 mm, and span-length of 480 mm. The smallest specimen depth was similar to specimen sizes tested in the literature used to create the duration of load curve, while the largest specimen depth are considered structural size specimens. The impact was predicted using a numerical approach with Euler–Bernoulli beam, as well as Timoshenko beam theory, with a plastic contact law. The models were validated for impact from a low release-angle (where the beam remained elastic), but could use improvement for the force prediction at a high incidence velocity. The measured force signals were used as forcing functions to obtain the dynamic failure stresses for all of the evaluated specimens, and the Timoshenko–Goens–Hearmon Method to derive the dynamic E. The resulting strain rates ranged from 9.11?×?10?5 s?1 for the quasi-static specimens up to 25 s?1 for the greatest incidence velocity. The results from this study suggest different duration of load factors than the Madison Curve, influencing the design of structures subjected to dynamic loading. 相似文献
46.
Kim Tak H. Sirdaarta Joseph P. Zhang Qian Eftekhari Ehsan St. John James Kennedy Derek Cock Ian E. Li Qin 《Nano Research》2018,11(4):2204-2216
Nano Research - The toxicity of nanoparticles in a biological system is an integration of effects arising from surface functionality, particle size, ionic dissolution, etc. This complexity suggests... 相似文献
47.
H Tlaskalová-Hogenová R St?pánková L Tucková MA Farré DP Funda EF Verdú J Sinkora T Hudcovic Z Reháková B Cukrowska H Kozáková L Prokesová 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,43(5):545-550
Despite the fact that target antigens and the genetic basis of several autoimmune diseases are now better understood, the initial events leading to a loss of tolerance towards self-components remain unknown. One of the most attractive explanations for autoimmune phenomena involves various infections as possible natural events capable of initiating the process in genetically predisposed individuals. The most accepted explanation of how infection causes autoimmunity is based on the concept of "molecular mimicry" (similarity between the epitopes of an autoantigen and the epitopes in the environmental antigen). Infectious stimuli may also participate in the development of autoimmunity by inducing an increased expression of stress proteins (hsp), chaperones and transplantation antigens, which leads to abnormal processing and presentation of self antigens. Superantigens are considered to be one of the most effective bacterial components to induce inflammatory reactions and to take part in the development and course of autoimmune mechanisms. It has long been known that defects in the host defense mechanism render the individual susceptible to infections caused by certain microorganisms. Impaired exclusion of microbial antigens can lead to chronic immunological activation which can affect the tolerance to self components. Defects in certain components of the immune system are associated with a higher risk of a development of autoimmune disease. The use of animal models for the studies of human diseases with immunological pathogenesis has provided new insights into the influence of immunoregulatory factors and the lymphocyte subsets involved in the development of disease. One of the most striking conclusion arising from work with genetically engineered immunodeficient mouse models is the existence of a high level of redundancy of the components of the immune system. However, when genes encoding molecules involved in T cell immunoregulatory functions are deleted, spontaneous chronic inflammation of the gut mucosa (similar to human inflammatory bowel disease) develops. Surprisingly, when such immunocompromised animals were placed into germfree environment, intestinal inflammation did not develop. Impairment of the mucosal immune response to the normal bacterial flora has been proposed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation. The use of immunodeficient models colonized with defined microflora for the analysis of immune reactivity will shed light on the mode of action of different immunologically important molecules responsible for the delicate balance between luminal commensals, nonspecific and specific components of the mucosal immune system. 相似文献
48.
Food allergies are causal factors for atopic dermatitis (AD) in 50% in infancy, in 20 to 30% in childhood, and only in 10 to 15% after puberty and in adulthood. Cow's milk, egg, fish, wheat, soy, nuts and citrus-fruits are the most proven allergens. Pseudoallergens, especially food-additiva, have to be regarded too. For the proof of the clinical relevance that food allergy is causing AD a positive result of elimination and provocation has to be required. When by these diagnostic procedure a special food is found as causing the AD it has to be eliminated in the diet of this patient. In severe cases of AD semi-elementary respectively few foods diets may be necessary. However in most cases of AD the "diet of choice" is an age related normal nutrition. To delay respectively to avoid the manifestation of atopy special recommendations for the nutrition of high risk newborns and infants (especially long breast feeding, late solid feeding) should be considered. 相似文献
49.
Asbjørn Solheim Sverre Rolseth Egil Skybakmoen Lisbet Støen Åsmund Sterten Trond Støre 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》1996,27(5):739-744
Temperatures for primary crystallization of Na3AlF6 in multicomponent electrolyte systems of interest for the aluminum electrolysis process were determined by thermal analysis. The results are presented as binary and quasibinary diagrams and discussed in view of the literature data. An empirical equation describing liquidus temperatures for primary crystallization of Na3AlF6 was derived: $$\begin{gathered} t/(^\circ C) = 1011 + 0.50[AlF_3 ] - 0.13[AIF_3 ] - \frac{{3.45[CaF_2 ]}}{{1 + 0.0173[CaF_2 ]}} \hfill \\ + 0.124[CaF_2 ] \cdot [AlF_3 ] - 0.00542([CaF_2 ] \cdot [AlF_3 ])^{1.5} \hfill \\ - \frac{{7.93[Al_2 O_3 ]}}{{1 + 0.0936[Al_2 O_3 ] - 0.0017[Al_2 O_3 ]^2 - 0.0023[AlF_3 ] \cdot [Al_2 O_3 ]}} \hfill \\ - \frac{{8.90[LiF]}}{{1 + 0.0047[LiF] + 0.0010[AlF3]^2 }} - 3.95[MgF_2 ] - 3.95 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ wheret is the temperature in degree Celsius and the square brackets denote the weight percent of components in the system Na3AlF6-AlF3-CaF2-Al2O3-LiF-MgF2-KF. The composition limitations are [AlF3] ≈ [CaF2] ≈ [LiF] < 20 wt pct, [MgF2] ≈ [KF] < 5 wt pct, and [A12O3] up to saturation. 相似文献
50.
Surrogate modeling approximation using a mixture of experts based on EM joint estimation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Dimitri Bettebghor Nathalie Bartoli Stéphane Grihon Joseph Morlier Manuel Samuelides 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2011,43(2):243-259
An automatic method to combine several local surrogate models is presented. This method is intended to build accurate and
smooth approximation of discontinuous functions that are to be used in structural optimization problems. It strongly relies
on the Expectation−Maximization (EM) algorithm for Gaussian mixture models (GMM). To the end of regression, the inputs are
clustered together with their output values by means of parameter estimation of the joint distribution. A local expert is
then built (linear, quadratic, artificial neural network, moving least squares) on each cluster. Lastly, the local experts
are combined using the Gaussian mixture model parameters found by the EM algorithm to obtain a global model. This method is
tested over both mathematical test cases and an engineering optimization problem from aeronautics and is found to improve
the accuracy of the approximation. 相似文献