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51.
Liming Zhu Leon J. Osterweil Mark Staples Udo Kannengiesser Borislava I. Simidchieva 《International Journal of Software and Informatics》2007,1(1):37-65
In many modern enterprises, explicit business process de nitions facilitate the pursuit of business goals in such ways as best practice reuse, process analysis, processe ciency improvement, and automation. Most real-world business processes are large and
complex. Successfully capturing, analysing, and automating these processes requires process de nition languages that capture a variety of process aspects with a wealth of details. Mostcurrent process modelling languages, such as Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN),focus on structural control ows among activities while providing inadequate support for other process de nition needs. In this paper, we rst illustrate these inadequacies through our experiences with a collection of real-world reference business processes from the Aus-tralian lending industry. We observe that the most signi cant inadequacies include lack of resource management, exception handling, process variation, and data ow integration.These identi ed shortcomings led us to consider the Little-JIL language as a vehicle forde ning business processes. Little-JIL addresses the afore-mentioned inadequacies with a number of innovative features. Our investigation concludes that these innovative features are e ective in addressing a number of key reference business process de nition needs. 相似文献
52.
Secretions from the metathoracic glands (MTG) of the black locust bug, Lopidea robiniae (Uhler) (Heteroptera: Miridae) contained six major compounds, including (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-octen-1-ol (E)-2-heptenal, and (Z)-3-octen-1-ol. Males and females did not differ significantly in the relative compositions of identified compounds. In feeding trials, six bird species [robin (Turdus migratorious), blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata), brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum), killdeer (Charadrius vociferus), starling (Sturnus vulgaris), and house wren (Troglodytes aedon)] demonstrated feeding aversions towards L. robiniae, implying that black locust bugs are chemically defended. Bugs discharged the liquid contents of their MTG when attacked, thereby producing a strong and distinct odor. Some birds immediately ejected bugs out of their mouth after biting them, suggesting that the MTG secretion was a deterrent. 相似文献
53.
54.
HS Keirstead JK Dyer GN Sholomenko J McGraw KR Delaney JD Steeves 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,15(10):6963-6974
Transections of the chicken spinal cord after the developmental onset of myelination at embryonic day (E) 13 results in little or no functional regeneration. However, intraspinal injection of serum complement proteins with complement-binding GalC or 04 antibodies between E9-E12 results in a delay of the onset of myelination until E17. A subsequent transection of the spinal cord as late as E15 (i.e., during the normal restrictive period for repair) results in neuroanatomical regeneration and functional recovery. Utilizing a similar immunological protocol, we evoked a transient alteration of myelin structure in the posthatching (P) chicken spinal cord, characterized by widespread "unravelling" of myelin sheaths and a loss of MBP immunoreactivity (myelin disruption). Myelin repair began within 7 d of cessation of the myelin disruption protocol. Long term disruption of thoracic spinal cord myelin was initiated after a P2-P10 thoracic transection and maintained for > 14 d by intra-spinal infusion of serum complement proteins plus complement-binding GalC or 04 antibodies. Fourteen to 28 d later, retrograde tract tracing experiments, including double-labeling protocols, indicated that approximately 6-19% of the brainstem-spinal projections had regenerated across the transection site to lumbar levels. Even though voluntary locomotion was not observed after recovery, focal electrical stimulation of identified brainstem locomotor regions evoked peripheral nerve activity in paralyzed preparations, as well as leg muscle activity patterns typical of stepping in unparalyzed animals. This indicated that a transient alteration of myelin structure in the injured adult avian spinal cord facilitated brainstem-spinal axonal regrowth resulting in functional synaptogenesis with target neurons. 相似文献
55.
The classic hypoglossal transfer to the facial nerve is invariably followed by complications caused by tongue atrophy. In 1984, Terzis introduced the "baby-sitter" procedure which involved a formal cross-facial procedure, in addition to partial neurectomy of the hypoglossal nerve, and an end-to-side coaptation with the ipsilateral facial nerve. This reported study provides, for the first time, quantification of the number of hypoglossal motor fibers needed to successfully restore eye sphincter function, using an end-to-side coaptation with preservation of the tongue. Thirty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: control, denervated, perineurial window, 20 percent partial neurectomy (PN), 40 percent PN, and 80 percent PN. The procedure involves interposing a nerve graft (saphenous) between the partially severed XII nerve and the upper zygomatic branch of the facial nerve. Evaluation of the behavioral data (blink reflex) revealed good-to-superb return of the blinking mechanism in the 40 percent group, without significant tongue atrophy. Electrophysiologic data in the 40 percent neurectomy group demonstrated superiority to the other groups. Quantitative axonal morphometry of the coaptation sites and graft, as well as motor end-plates of the orbicularis oculi muscle and tongue showed the 40 percent partial neurectomy group to be the optimal group. 相似文献
56.
SA Petrill K Saudino SS Cherny RN Emde DW Fulker JK Hewitt R Plomin 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,69(1):68-74
Two definitions of normality ("isolated" or "correlated") are considered. The boundaries of "isolated" normality were determined by a statistical procedure, whereas the "correlated" approach was related to a clinical or predictive definition. In the latter case, the biological variations were considered abnormal if they implied a hazard with some significant future ailment as a risk factor. In this pragmatic approach, the upper limit of normal/abnormal variations is the point beyond which medical strategy is related to the most expected benefit when applied to a definite population or to an individual patient. The capacity of a diagnostic test to discriminate between patients with a defined risk and those without risk depends strictly on the value of the parameter chosen. In medical care for the prevention of vascular complications in diabetic patients or with foetal risks in pregnant women, the limits of the so-called normal range of glycaemia and other parameters should be determined according to the objective of the preventive and/or therapeutic measures to be prescribed. 相似文献
57.
DW Morck JK Merrill BE Thorlakson ME Olson LV Tonkinson JW Costerton 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,202(2):273-277
The prophylactic administration of injectable tilmicosin for pneumonia in weaned beef calves was investigated in 1,806 animals. Comparisons were made among calves receiving an "on-arrival" injection of tilmicosin, calves receiving a single injection of long-acting oxytetracycline, and calves receiving no prophylaxis. Morbidity and mortality attributable to pneumonia, morbidity and mortality attributable to all causes, and case fatality were significantly lower in the group of calves that received tilmicosin, compared with calves that received long-acting oxytetracycline and calves that received no prophylactic antibiotic. Mean time to initial pneumonia treatment was significantly extended in calves that received prophylaxis, compared with those that received no antibiotic on arrival at the feedlot. Calves that received tilmicosin gained significantly more weight than calves that received oxytetracycline. Calves that were not treated for pneumonia during the trial period gained significantly more weight than did those calves that were treated for pneumonia regardless of experimental group. The majority of mortalities were attributable to fibrinous pneumonia (31/34). Important bacterial isolates (Pasteurella spp, Haemophilus somnus, Actinomyces pyogenes) obtained at necropsy did not have resistance to tilmicosin in association with administration of tilmicosin as prophylaxis for pneumonia. However, bacterial resistance to trimethoprim/sulfonamide and to oxytetracycline were commonly found in these postmortem isolates. 相似文献
58.
Technetium-99m-1,1-ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) has been proposed as a "chemical microsphere" for SPECT measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). However, its distribution has not yet been compared in humans to an established rCBF measure. Therefore, we compared the uptake and distribution of ECD with rCBF measured by 133Xe SPECT in subjects with mild to moderate flow abnormalities and in normal volunteers. Blood and urine chemistries and vital signs were unchanged from pre-ECD values up to seven days postinjection. Profile plots demonstrated pattern agreement between rCBF ratios (133Xe) and ECD count density ratios. A significant correlation of rCBF ratios to ECD count density ratios was observed (r = 0.77), with a slope of 0.64 and intercept of 0.36. To explore whether or not the relationship between rCBF and ECD was dependent on absolute flow, ECD region of interest data were expressed in units of ml/min/100 g by equating global CBF (133Xe) and ECD global count density. A closer correlation (r = 0.88) was found for these data than for the count ratio data. The slope was closer to one (m = 0.83) and the intercept was closer to zero (b = 8.2). Also, a significant correlation was observed between ECD-derived rCBF and 133Xe rCBF in the lesion area (r = 0.92) for patients with well-demarcated rCBF lesions. The slope (0.80) suggested a slight underestimation of lesion flow by ECD. Finally, ECD clearance from cortical gray matter ROIs derived from high-resolution scans from 1 to 4 hr postinjection was slow (2.4%/hr). In summary, ECD is a safe and effective marker of regional cerebral perfusion. The distribution of ECD is linearly related to rCBF measured by 133Xe SPECT, although our data suggest a mild underestimation of flow at the high end of the normal range. 相似文献
59.
60.
JK Collins BH Arjmandi PL Claypool P Perkins-Veazie RA Baker BA Clevidence 《Nutrition journal》2004,3(1):1-7