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在简要介绍多变量模糊系统的模糊穴-穴映射(FCM-I)模型的基础上,提出了一种对多变量模糊系统进行分解的方法。此法的核心在于认为任何复杂系统的动态都是由其隐含的稳定子动态和不稳定于动态聚合而成,而系统特性则主要取决于决定性子动态的性质。并介绍了确定系统决定性子动态和基于其上的多变量模糊系统渐近分析方法。  相似文献   
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Vibrational spectroscopy techniques are widely used in analytical chemistry, physics and biology. The most prominent techniques are Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Combining both techniques delivers complementary information of the test sample. We present the design, construction, and calibration of a novel bimodal spectroscopy system featuring both Raman and infrared measurements simultaneously on the same sample without mutual interference. The optomechanical design provides a modular flexible system for solid and liquid samples and different configurations for Raman. As a novel feature, the Raman module can be operated off-axis for optical sectioning. The calibrated system demonstrates high sensitivity, precision, and resolution for simultaneous operation of both techniques and shows excellent calibration curves with coefficients of determination greater than 0.96. We demonstrate the ability to simultaneously measure Raman and infrared spectra of complex biological material using bovine serum albumin. The performance competes with commercial systems; moreover, it presents the additional advantage of simultaneously operating Raman and infrared techniques. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first demonstration of a combined Raman-infrared system that can analyze the same sample volume and obtain optically sectioned Raman signals. Additionally, quantitative comparison of confocality of backscattering micro-Raman and off-axis Raman was performed for the first time.  相似文献   
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The involvement of immunoglobulin (Ig) G3 in the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19. The exact molecular mechanism is unknown, but it is thought to involve this IgG subtype’s differential ability to fix, complement and stimulate cytokine release. We examined the binding of convalescent patient antibodies to immobilized nucleocapsids and spike proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry. IgG3 was a major immunoglobulin found in all samples. Differential analysis of the spectral signatures found for the nucleocapsid versus the spike protein demonstrated that the predominant humoral immune response to the nucleocapsid was IgG3, whilst for the spike protein it was IgG1. However, the spike protein displayed a strong affinity for IgG3 itself, as it would bind from control plasma samples, as well as from those previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, similar to the way protein G binds IgG1. Furthermore, detailed spectral analysis indicated that a mass shift consistent with hyper-glycosylation or glycation was a characteristic of the IgG3 captured by the spike protein.  相似文献   
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Characteristics of supersonic flow are examined with specific regard to nano-particle thin-film coating. Effects of shockwaves, nozzle geometry, chamber pressure, and substrate location were studied computationally. Shockwaves are minimized to reduce fluctuations in flow properties at the discontinuities across diamond shock structures. Nozzle geometry was adjusted to ensure optimal expansion (i.e., P exit = P ambient), where shock formation was significantly reduced and flow kinetic energy maximized. When the ambient pressure was reduced from 1 to 0.01316 bar, the nozzle’s diverging angle must be increased to yield the optimum condition of minimized adversed effects. Beyond some critical distance, substrate location did not seem to be a sensitive parameter on flow characteristics when P amb = 0.01316 bar; however, overly close proximity to the nozzle exit caused flow disturbances inside the nozzle, thereby adversely affecting coating gas flow.  相似文献   
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The advent of readily accessible, inexpensive Web-conferencing applications has opened the door for distance psychotherapy supervision, using video recordings of treated clients. Although relatively new, this method of supervision is advantageous given the ease of use and low cost of various Internet applications. This method allows periodic supervision from point to point around the world, with no travel costs and no long gaps between direct training contacts. Web-conferencing permits face-to-face training so that the learner and supervisor can read each other's emotional responses while reviewing case material. It allows group learning from direct supervision to complement local peer-to-peer learning methods. In this article, we describe the relevant literature on this type of learning method, the practical points in its utilization, its limitations, and its benefits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   
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The reuse of scientific knowledge obtained from one investigation in another investigation is basic to the advance of science. Scientific investigations should therefore be recorded in ways that promote the reuse of the knowledge they generate. The use of logical formalisms to describe scientific knowledge has potential advantages in facilitating such reuse. Here, we propose a formal framework for using logical formalisms to promote reuse. We demonstrate the utility of this framework by using it in a worked example from biology: demonstrating cycles of investigation formalization [F] and reuse [R] to generate new knowledge. We first used logic to formally describe a Robot scientist investigation into yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) functional genomics [f1]. With Robot scientists, unlike human scientists, the production of comprehensive metadata about their investigations is a natural by-product of the way they work. We then demonstrated how this formalism enabled the reuse of the research in investigating yeast phenotypes [r1 = R(f1)]. This investigation found that the removal of non-essential enzymes generally resulted in enhanced growth. The phenotype investigation was then formally described using the same logical formalism as the functional genomics investigation [f2 = F(r1)]. We then demonstrated how this formalism enabled the reuse of the phenotype investigation to investigate yeast systems-biology modelling [r2 = R(f2)]. This investigation found that yeast flux-balance analysis models fail to predict the observed changes in growth. Finally, the systems biology investigation was formalized for reuse in future investigations [f3 = F(r2)]. These cycles of reuse are a model for the general reuse of scientific knowledge.  相似文献   
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