全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6790篇 |
免费 | 243篇 |
国内免费 | 15篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 69篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
化学工业 | 1292篇 |
金属工艺 | 82篇 |
机械仪表 | 170篇 |
建筑科学 | 256篇 |
矿业工程 | 48篇 |
能源动力 | 158篇 |
轻工业 | 532篇 |
水利工程 | 95篇 |
石油天然气 | 16篇 |
无线电 | 375篇 |
一般工业技术 | 1115篇 |
冶金工业 | 1646篇 |
原子能技术 | 47篇 |
自动化技术 | 1141篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 46篇 |
2022年 | 74篇 |
2021年 | 111篇 |
2020年 | 84篇 |
2019年 | 96篇 |
2018年 | 141篇 |
2017年 | 120篇 |
2016年 | 122篇 |
2015年 | 129篇 |
2014年 | 184篇 |
2013年 | 417篇 |
2012年 | 335篇 |
2011年 | 408篇 |
2010年 | 290篇 |
2009年 | 262篇 |
2008年 | 365篇 |
2007年 | 358篇 |
2006年 | 309篇 |
2005年 | 285篇 |
2004年 | 246篇 |
2003年 | 210篇 |
2002年 | 219篇 |
2001年 | 137篇 |
2000年 | 108篇 |
1999年 | 136篇 |
1998年 | 119篇 |
1997年 | 125篇 |
1996年 | 119篇 |
1995年 | 105篇 |
1994年 | 116篇 |
1993年 | 93篇 |
1992年 | 112篇 |
1991年 | 54篇 |
1990年 | 101篇 |
1989年 | 78篇 |
1988年 | 73篇 |
1987年 | 89篇 |
1986年 | 58篇 |
1985年 | 72篇 |
1984年 | 60篇 |
1983年 | 67篇 |
1982年 | 60篇 |
1981年 | 47篇 |
1980年 | 45篇 |
1979年 | 45篇 |
1978年 | 37篇 |
1977年 | 43篇 |
1976年 | 28篇 |
1975年 | 33篇 |
1973年 | 19篇 |
排序方式: 共有7048条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Kin Kit Fong Inn Shi Tan Henry Chee Yew Foo Man Kee Lam Adrian Chiong Yuh Tiong Steven Lim 《中国化学工程学报》2021,33(5):297-305
The rising production of produced water from oilfields had been proven to bring detrimental environmental effects. In this study, an efficient, recyclable, and environmental-friendly reduced graphene oxide immobilized κ-Carrageenan hydrogel composite(κCa GO) was fabricated as an alternative sorbent for crude oil-in-water demulsification. Polyethyleneimine(PEI) was employed to form a stable hydrogel composite. The conditions for the immobilization of graphene oxide(GO) on PEI-modified κ-Carrageenan(κC) beads were optimized appropriately. An immobilization yield of 77% was attained at 2% PEI, 2 h immobilization activation time, and p H6.5. Moreover, the synthesized κCa GO is capable of demulsification with an average demulsification efficiency of 70%. It was found that the demulsification efficiency increases with salinity and κCa GO dosage, and it deteriorates under alkaline condition. These phenomena can be attributed to the interfacial interactions between κCa GO and the emulsion. Furthermore, the κCa GO can be recycled to use for up to six cycles without significant leaching and degradation. As such, the synthesized κCa GO could be further developed as a potential sorbent substitute for the separation of crude oil from produced water. 相似文献
82.
83.
Jitendra Thakur Jenika Packiaraj Steven Henikoff 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
Satellite DNA consists of abundant tandem repeats that play important roles in cellular processes, including chromosome segregation, genome organization and chromosome end protection. Most satellite DNA repeat units are either of nucleosomal length or 5–10 bp long and occupy centromeric, pericentromeric or telomeric regions. Due to high repetitiveness, satellite DNA sequences have largely been absent from genome assemblies. Although few conserved satellite-specific sequence motifs have been identified, DNA curvature, dyad symmetries and inverted repeats are features of various satellite DNAs in several organisms. Satellite DNA sequences are either embedded in highly compact gene-poor heterochromatin or specialized chromatin that is distinct from euchromatin. Nevertheless, some satellite DNAs are transcribed into non-coding RNAs that may play important roles in satellite DNA function. Intriguingly, satellite DNAs are among the most rapidly evolving genomic elements, such that a large fraction is species-specific in most organisms. Here we describe the different classes of satellite DNA sequences, their satellite-specific chromatin features, and how these features may contribute to satellite DNA biology and evolution. We also discuss how the evolution of functional satellite DNA classes may contribute to speciation in plants and animals. 相似文献
84.
Ann-Kathrin Eichelmann George C. Mayne Karen Chiam Steven L. Due Isabell Bastian Frederike Butz Tingting Wang Pamela J. Sykes Nicholas J. Clemons David S. Liu Michael Z. Michael Christos S. Karapetis Richard Hummel David I. Watson Damian J. Hussey 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(11)
TP53 gene mutations occur in 70% of oesophageal adenocarcinomas (OACs). Given the central role of p53 in controlling cellular response to therapy we investigated the role of mutant (mut-) p53 and SLC7A11 in a CRISPR-mediated JH-EsoAd1 TP53 knockout model. Response to 2 Gy irradiation, cisplatin, 5-FU, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, and endoxifen was assessed, followed by a TaqMan OpenArray qPCR screening for differences in miRNA expression. Knockout of mut-p53 resulted in increased chemo- and radioresistance (2 Gy survival fraction: 38% vs. 56%, p < 0.0001) and in altered miRNA expression levels. Target mRNA pathways analyses indicated several potential mechanisms of treatment resistance. SLC7A11 knockdown restored radiosensitivity (2 Gy SF: 46% vs. 73%; p = 0.0239), possibly via enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress. Pathway analysis of the mRNA targets of differentially expressed miRNAs indicated potential involvement in several pathways associated with apoptosis, ribosomes, and p53 signaling pathways. The data suggest that mut-p53 in JH-EsoAd1, despite being classified as non-functional, has some function related to radio- and chemoresistance. The results also highlight the important role of SLC7A11 in cancer metabolism and redox balance and the influence of p53 on these processes. Inhibition of the SLC7A11-glutathione axis may represent a promising approach to overcome resistance associated with mut-p53. 相似文献
85.
Wioletta Rozpdek-Kamiska Grzegorz Galita Natalia Siwecka Steven L. Carroll John Alan Diehl Ewa Kucharska Dariusz Pytel Ireneusz Majsterek 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) constitutes the most common type of glaucoma. Emerging evidence suggests that Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress and the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-mediated Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) signaling pathway play a key role in POAG pathogenesis. Thus, the main aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the PERK inhibitor LDN-0060609 in cellular model of glaucoma using primary human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. To evaluate the level of the ER stress marker proteins, Western blotting and TaqMan gene expression assay were used. The cytotoxicity was measured by XTT, LDH assays and Giemsa staining, whereas genotoxicity via comet assay. Changes in cell morphology were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. Analysis of apoptosis was performed by caspase-3 assay and flow cytometry (FC), whereas cell cycle progression by FC. The results obtained have demonstrated that LDN-0060609 triggered a significant decrease of ER stress marker proteins within HTM cells with induced ER stress conditions. Moreover, LDN-0060609 effectively increased viability, reduced DNA damage, increased proliferation, restored normal morphology, reduced apoptosis and restored normal cell cycle distribution of HTM cells with induced ER stress conditions. Thereby, PERK inhibitors, such as LDN-0060609, may provide an innovative, ground-breaking treatment strategy against POAG. 相似文献
86.
Neville R. Moody Steven L. Robinson James P. Lucas James Handrock Robert Q. Hwang 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1995,78(1):114-120
In this study, short bar fracture toughness samples were used to determine the effects of radiation and hydrogen on the resistance to fracture of vitreous silica and four commercial borosilicate glasses. The results showed that neither exposure to 1010 rads of γ-radiation nor saturation to a room-temperature-equivalent exposure of 408 atm of hydrogen had an effect on fracture resistance. Nevertheless, when samples were saturated with hydrogen and then exposed to radiation, resistance to fracture increased significantly in some of the glasses. The increase in the resistance to fracture correlated directly with the increase in concentration of hydroxyl and hydride groups created by exposure to radiation and hydrogen. The concentration of these groups differs with glass composition and accounts for the difference in behavior between the types of glass studied. 相似文献
87.
Fanqin Meng Steven F. Dec Don Williamson Phat Pham Michael A. Yandrasits Andrew M. Herring 《Electrochimica acta》2007,53(3):1372-1378
A perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer with pendant side chain -O(CF2)4SO3H was doped with the heteropoly acids (HPAs), H3PW12O40 and H4SiW12O40. Infrared spectroscopy revealed a strong interaction between the HPA and the PFSA ionomer. Modes associated with the peripheral bonds of the HPA were shifted to lower wave numbers when doped into PFSA membranes. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements showed the presence of large crystallites of HPA in the membrane with d spacings of ca. 10 Å, close to the lattice spacing observed in bulk HPA crystals. Under wet conditions the HPA was more dispersed and constrained the size of the sulfonic acid clusters to 20 Å at a 5 wt% HPA doping level, the same as in the vacuum treated ionomer samples. Under conditions of minimum hydration the HPA decreased the Ea for the self-diffusion of water from 27 to 15 kJ mol−1. The reverse trend was seen under 100% RH conditions. Proton conductivity measurements showed improved proton conductivity of the HPA doped PFSAs at a constant dew point of 80 °C for all temperatures up to 120 °C and at all relative hummidities up to 80%. The activation energy for proton conduction generally was lower than for the undoped materials at RH ≤80%. Significantly the Ea was 1/2 that of the undoped material at RHs of 40 and 60%. A practical proton conductivity of 113 mS cm−1 was observed at 100 °C and 80% RH. 相似文献
88.
Symon M. Mahungu Steven L. Hansen William E. Artz 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(4):453-455
Static headspace and capillary gas chromatography/infrared spectroscopy-mass spectrometry were used to collect, separate,
identify and quantitate the oxidative and thermal decomposition products in heated triolein. Approximately 4 L of triolein
was heated in a deep-fat fryer at 190°C for 12 h each day for a total of 60 h, until it contained>-20% polymeric material.
The concentration of heptane and octane increased after 12 h heating, then decreased upon further heating, while the concentration
of volatile aldehydes decreased gradually during heating. After 12 h of heating, the concentrations of the major volatiles
changed as follows: heptane (16.36 to 30.17 ppm), octane (24.48 to 40.77 ppm), heptanal (21.68 ppm to 9.11 ppm), octanal (35.53
to 36.64 ppm), nonanal (68.95 to 43.16 ppm), (E)-2-decenal (135.00 to 89.00 ppm) and (E)-2-undecenal (88.50 to 61.00 ppm).
After 60 h of heating, when the oil contained over 20% polymeric material, the concentrations of heptane, octane, heptanal,
octanol, nonanal, (E)-2-decenal and (E)-2-undecenal were 5.16, 4.39, 5.45, 7.02, 18.07, 12.50 and 6.00 ppm, respectively. 相似文献
89.
Michael Kmetz Steven L. Suib Francis S. Galasso 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1989,72(8):1523-1524
The strength and toughness of fibrous composites depend on the interface properties which control the bonding between the fibers and matrices. One method of controlling the interface involves coating the fiber with an appropriate material. In a previous study, it was found that there is a definite advantage in using low coating temperatures to prevent fibers from degrading. We therefore were interested in a report that Mo2 C could be deposited from Mo(CO)6 at temperatures as low as 300° to 475°C. Our studies indicated that the material was not Mo2 C, but an oxycarbide, which, with an analogous tungsten oxycarbide coating, was applied to SiC yarns. Both oxycarbides could be converted to the metals by heat-treating in N2 . 相似文献
90.
Reaction‐induced vitrification takes place in the network‐forming epoxy–amine system diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) + methylenedianiline (MDA) when the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) rises above the cure temperature (Tcure). This chemorheological transition results in diffusion‐controlled reaction and can be followed simultaneously with the reaction rate in modulated‐temperature DSC (MTDSC). To predict the effect of Tcure and the NH/epoxy molar mixing ratio (r) on the reaction rate in chemically controlled conditions, a mechanistic approach was used based on the nonreversing heat flow and heat capacity MTDSC signals, in which the reaction steps of primary (E1OH = 44 kJ mol?1) and secondary amine (E2OH = 48 kJ mol?1) with the epoxy–hydroxyl complex predominating. The diffusion factor DF as defined by the Rabinowitch approach expresses whether the chemical reaction rate or the diffusion rate determines the overall reaction rate. A model based on the free volume theory together with an Arrhenius temperature dependency was used to calculate the diffusion rate constant in DF as a function of conversion (x) and Tcure. The relation between x, r, and Tg, needed in this model, can be predicted with the Couchman equation. An experimental approximation for DF is the mobility factor DF* obtained from the heat capacity signal at a modulation frequency of 1/60 Hz, normalized for the effect of the reaction heat capacity in the liquid state and the change in Cp in the glassy region with x and Tcure. In this way, an optimized set of diffusion parameters was obtained that, together with the optimized kinetic parameters set, can predict the reaction rate for different cure schedules and for stoichiometric and off‐stoichiometric mixtures. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2814–2833, 2004 相似文献