High Throughput Parallel Decoding Method for H.264/AVC CAVLC

A high throughput parallel decoding method is developed for context‐based adaptive variable length codes. In this paper, several new design ideas are devised and implemented for scalable parallel processing, a reduction in area, and a reduction in power requirements. First, simplified logical operations instead of memory lookups are used for parallel processing. Second, the codes are grouped based on their lengths for efficient logical operation. Third, up to M bits of the input stream can be analyzed simultaneously. For comparison, we designed a logical‐operation‐based parallel decoder for M=8 and a conventional parallel decoder. High‐speed parallel decoding becomes possible with our method. In addition, for similar decoding rates (1.57 codes/cycle for M=8), our new approach uses 46% less chip area than the conventional method.     

Protecting Your Privacy with a Mobile Agent Device in RFID Environment

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology is a contactless automatic identification technology using radio frequency. For this RFID technology to be widely spread, the problem of privacy invasion should be solved. There are many research works in progress to solve the RFID privacy problems. Most of works for solving this problem have focused on developing light-weight cryptographic modules which can be embedded into RFID tags, but some of them used a proxy agent approach that control communications between the tag and the reader for protecting user privacy. The later approach is very useful and practical in terms of manufacturing low-cost tag hardware. However, all schemes of this approach have some problems in ownership transfer and forgery detection. In this paper, we are focusing on the proxy agent approach and we suggest an advanced agent scheme that guarantees not only privacy protection but also forgery detection. And our scheme is more scalable than other agent schemes so far.     

Performance Improvement of $hbox{Sm}_{2}hbox{O}_{3}$ MIM Capacitors by Using Plasma Treatment After Dielectric Formation

In this letter, we investigate the dependence of the performance of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors with Sm₂O₃ dielectric on plasma treatment (PT) performed before Sm₂O₃ deposition, after Sm₂O₃ deposition, or both before and after Sm₂O₃ deposition. By performing PT in N₂ ambient (PTN) after Sm₂O₃ dielectric formation, the effective quadratic voltage coefficient of capacitance (VCC) can be reduced from 498 to 234 ppm/V² and the effective linear VCC can be reduced from 742.3 to 172 ppm/V for MIM capacitor with Sm₂O₃ dielectric having a capacitance density of ~ 7.5 fF/mum². The leakage current density at +3.3 V can be reduced from 3.44 10^-7 to 1.60 times 10^-8 A/cm² by performing PTN in both before and after Sm₂O₃ deposition. PTN after dielectric formation is an effective way to improve the performance of high-kappa dielectric MIM capacitors for RF and analog/mixed signal IC applications.     

Nearly Perfect Electrical Activation Efficiencies from Silicon-Implanted Al<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Ga<Subscript>1−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>N with High Aluminum Mole Fraction

Electrical activation studies of Al _x Ga_1−x N (x = 0.45 and 0.51) implanted with Si for n-type conductivity have been made as a function of ion dose and anneal temperature. Silicon ions were implanted at 200 keV with doses ranging from 1 × 10¹⁴ cm⁻² to 1 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻² at room temperature. The samples were subsequently annealed from 1150°C to 1350°C for 20 min in a nitrogen environment. Nearly 100% electrical activation efficiency was successfully obtained for the Si-implanted Al_0.45Ga_0.55N samples after annealing at 1350°C for doses of 1 × 10¹⁴ cm⁻² and 5 × 10¹⁴ cm⁻² and at 1200°C for a dose of 1 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻², and for the Al_0.51Ga_0.49N implanted with silicon doses of 1 × 10¹⁴ cm⁻² and 5 × 10¹⁴ cm⁻² after annealing at 1300°C. The highest room-temperature mobility obtained was 61 cm²/V s and 55 cm²/V s for the low-dose implanted Al_0.45Ga_0.55N and Al_0.51Ga_0.49N, respectively, after annealing at 1350°C for 20 min. These results show unprecedented activation efficiencies for Al _x Ga_1−x N with high Al mole fractions and provide suitable annealing conditions for Al _x Ga_1−x N-based device applications.     

Effects of Cu<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>TiO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">y</Emphasis></Subscript> nanometer particles on biological toxicity during zebrafish embryogenesis

This study investigated the toxicity of Cu (1, 10, 15, and 25 mol%) loaded TiO₂ and pure TiO₂ nanometersized photocatalysts during the development of zebrafish embryogenesis. The hatch rate decreased in the Cu _x TiO _y nanoparticles exposed groups (10, 20 ppt) compared to pure TiO₂ nano-particles (10, 20 ppt) exposed or control groups. These Cu _x TiO _y and TiO₂ nanoparticles led to developing mutated embryos with abnormal notochord formation, no tail, damaged eyes and abnormal heart development. Exposure to Cu _x TiO _y and pure TiO₂ nanoparticles led to glutathione increase, catalase activity increase, GST increase and GSR increase than control. Penetration of the Cu _x TiO _y and pure TiO₂ nanoparticles to the embryo was also tested. It was observed that Cu _x TiO _y and pure TiO₂ nanoparticles penetrated into cells. Moreover Cu _x TiO _y penetrated into the skin, nerve and yolk sac epithelium cells on the zebrafish larvae as aggregated particles, which may induce the direct interaction between nanoparticles and cell to cause adverse biological responses. As a result, the Cu-loaded TiO₂ nanoparticles had the toxicity of zebrafish embryo and larvae in the water environment.     

Development of a Rapid Fluorescent Diagnostic System to Detect Subtype H9 Influenza A Virus in Chicken Feces

The circulation of the H9N2 virus results in significant economic losses in the poultry industry, and its zoonotic transmission highlights the need for a highly sensitive and rapid diagnostic and detection system for this virus. In this study, the performance of lateral flow test strips for a fluorescent immunochromatographic test (FICT) was optimized for the diagnosis of H9N2 virus-infected animal samples. The novel monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against influenza A H9 viruses were developed, and two categories of McAbs with linear and conformational epitopes were compared for the performance of rapid diagnostic performance in the presence of feces sample at different time points (2, 4, and 6 days) post-infection (dpi). The limit of detection (LOD) of FICT and Kd values were comparable between linear and conformational epitope McAbs. However, superior performance of linear epitope McAbs pairs were confirmed by two animal studies, showing the better diagnostic performance showing 100% relative sensitivity in fecal samples at 6 dpi although it showed less than 80% sensitivity in early infection. Our results imply that the comparable performance of the linear epitope McAbs can potentially improve the diagnostic performance of FICT for H9N2 detection in feces samples. This highly sensitive rapid diagnostic method can be utilized in field studies of broiler poultry and wild birds.     

Commuter characteristics in mass rapid transit stations in Singapore

A study on building occupant characteristics in mass rapid transit (MRT) stations in Singapore is reported in this paper. The characteristics studied include age group and gender distributions, commuters’ response to fire emergency alarms and their awareness of locations of exits, their walking speeds on walkways and stairs. The study took advantage of the fare card system used in Singapore to ascertain the age group spectrum of the commuters. Surveys were conducted among the MRT commuters to establish their intended response to three types of fire alarm systems, namely the fire alarm bell, the live announcement and the pre-recorded message. Commuter walking speeds were measured with the aid of video recording and on-site observation. The distributions of age groups in the MRT commuters were found to be statistically significantly different from that of general public, as there were mainly adults and fewer children and elderly in comparison to the general population. The distributions of gender groups in the MRT commuters were also found to be statistically significantly different from that of general public, as the female/male ratio among the commuters was greater than that in the general population. The survey results indicated that commuters intended more likely to respond to live announcement warning system than to the other two systems. The commuters’ awareness of egress routes was poor. It was also noted that there was no statistically significant difference in the responses by the two gender groups to the three fire alarm warning systems but the study indicated the statistically significant gender difference in the awareness of fire escape routes. A significantly large proportion of commuters was found unaware of or unfamiliar with the current fire escape route provisions in the MRT stations from the survey. The unimpeded walking speed was found to be gender and age dependant and it may not be appropriate to apply one walking speed for all commuters. Weak correlations were found for linear fit of walking speeds over a wide range of pedestrian density on walkways and staircases.     

"计算机图形学"课程教学改革与实践

针对"计算机图形学"课程的特点及教学中存在的问题,提出了"重视基础理论知识,贯彻理论与实践相结合,强化实验环节,采用先进的教学工具,提高教学质量"的教学改革思路.实践表明,上述课程改革思路能较好地激发学生的学习热情,提高学生的学习效率,迅速培养和提高学生实践操作能力.     

计及变压器铁芯饱和的LCC-HVDC输电系统谐波不稳定性评估与应用

基于端口理论构建了基于电网换相换流器的高压直流(LCC-HVDC)输电系统的完整模型,综合考虑了直流两端换流器、平波电抗器、交直流滤波器以及换流变压器铁芯饱和的影响.利用该模型对不同的网络参数及运行工况进行谐波稳定性判别,并与PSCAD/EMTDC时域仿真平台上详细LCC-HVDC输电系统模型仿真结果对比,验证了所提模...