A Multivariate T2 Control Chart for Skewed Populations Using Weighted Standard Deviations

This paper proposes a heuristic method of constructing multivariate T² control charts for skewed populations based on ‘weighted standard deviations’, obtained by decomposing the standard deviation into upper and lower deviations according to the direction and degree of skewness. The proposed method adjusts the variance–covariance matrix of quality characteristics and modifies the ellipsoidal probability density function contour of the multivariate normal distribution to a shape similar to that of the skewed distribution. False alarm rates and out‐of‐control average run lengths of the proposed control chart are compared with those of the standard control chart for multivariate lognormal, Weibull and gamma distributions, and the results show that considerable improvement over the standard method can be achieved when the distribution is skewed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

热连轧精轧机组的板形最优控制

凸度和平坦度是板形控制的目标 ,也是对热连轧机工作辊的弯辊力进行设定和调整的基础。面向工业轧机 ,以板形方程为基础 ,研究提出了基于遗传算法的热连轧机板形最优控制。试验数据对比分析结果表明 ,使用该算法能够获得良好的板形 ,该控制算法是可行的     

Electrical properties of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 ceramics modified with WO3

Ferroelectrics 0.67Pb (Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.33PbTiO₃ (PMN-PT) + x mol% WO₃ (x=0.1, 0.5, 1, 2) were prepared by columbite precursor method. Electrical properties of WO₃-modified ferroelectrics were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify crystal structure, and pyrochlore phase were observed in 0.67Pb (Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.33PbTiO₃+2 mol% WO₃. Dielectric peak temperature decreased with WO₃ doping, indicating that W⁶⁺ incorporated into PMN-PT lattice. Lattice constant, pyrochlore phase and grain size contribute to the variation of K_max. Both piezoelectric constant (d₃₃) and electromechanical coupling factors (k_p) were enhanced by doping 0.1 mol% WO₃, which results from the introduction of “soft” characteristics into PMN-PT, while further WO₃ addition was detrimental. We consider that the two factors, introduction of “soft” characteristics and the formation of pyrochlore phase, appear to act together to cause the variation of piezoelectric properties of 0.67PMN-0.33PT ceramics doping with WO₃.     

高速连铸结晶器保护渣流变特性的研究

用改进的可变转速粘度仪测定了连铸保护渣(％：1.47MgO，12．98Al2O3，47．57SiO2，7．71Na2O，28．52CaO，1．75TiO2)的流变特性，以试验总误差为测量牛顿流体时所容许的最大偏差，由试验得到不同转速下剪切速率D和剪切应力τ，作出τ～D对数曲线，经回归得出熔渣本构方程，以判别熔体是否为非牛顿流体。结果表明，在1200℃较低温度下，该保护渣仍为牛顿流体，如再加入较多的CaO，则保护渣变为非牛顿流体。     

V-Nb微合金高强度热轧H型钢桩BS 55C的开发

马钢用60 t顶底复吹转炉冶炼,钢包炉吹氩、喂线和成分微调,异型坯(mm750×450×120)弧形连铸和H型钢万能轧机轧制工艺研制了碳当量Ceq≤0.42%的V-Nb微合金高强度热轧H型钢(%)0.14～0.17C,0.43～0.55Si,1.28～1.45Mn,0.010～0.028S,0.010～0.027P,0.03～0.05Nb,0.08～0.12V.检验统计数据表明,BS 55C热轧H型钢组织为铁素体+珠光体,实际晶粒度9级,屈服强度均在420 MPa以上.     

A method for testing interlaminar dynamic fracture toughness of polymeric composites

Static and dynamic Mode I delamination fracture in two polymeric fiber composites was studied using a WIF test method. The dynamic test was conducted on a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar apparatus. Crack speeds up to 1000 m/s were achieved. Dynamic fracture and crack propagation were modeled by the finite element method. Dynamic initiation fracture toughness of S2/8552 and IM7/977-3 composites were obtained. The dynamic fracture toughness of IM7/977-3 associated with the high speed propagating crack was extracted from the finite element simulation based on the measured data. It was found that the dynamic fracture toughness of the delamination crack propagating at a speed up to 1000 m/s approximately equals the static fracture toughness.     

TEM study on precipitation and transformation of secondary carbides in 16Cr–1Mo–1Cu white iron subjected to subcritical treatment

High chromium white irons solidify with a substantially austenitic matrix supersaturated with chromium and carbon. The subcritical heat treatment can destabilize the austenite by precipitating chromium-rich secondary carbides and other special carbides. In the as-cast condition the eutectic carbides are (Fe,Cr)₇C₃ and (Fe_4.3Cr_2.5Mo_0.1)C₃. The initial secondary carbide precipitated is (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆ after heat-treating at 853 K for 10 h. There are MoC, Fe₂MoC and -carbide precipitating, and (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆ transforms to M₃C after 16 h at 853 K. The -carbide and (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆ accomplish transformation to M₃C and the matrix changes from martensitic to pearlitic after 22 h at 853 K. Thereby, in the subcritical heat treatment process, the initial secondary carbide precipitated is (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆, followed by -carbide, MoC and Fe₂MoC. In addition, there are two in situ transformations from (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆ and -carbide to M₃C carbides.     

A unified global and local interconnect test scheme for Xilinx XC4000 FPGAs

This paper presents a unified global and local interconnect testing scheme for field programmable gate arrays. Adjacency graphs are used to model interconnect resources and their test requirements, and an efficient computer algorithm for automatic derivation of test configurations is given. A device configuration generation tool was developed to reduce the test development cost.     

一种基于RS-485总线的实车多路温度测试系统

RS-485接口具有良好的抗噪声干扰性,长的传输距离和多站能力等优点使其成为分布式测量控制系统首选的串行接口.本文介绍了一种基于RS-485总线的多路温度测试系统,应用于装甲车辆实车测试中.数据采集模块挂接在RS-485总线上构成RS-485总线网络,PC机与其进行数据通信.利用工业组态软件、VISUAL BASIC 与数据库合作快速处理各类数据,来保证测试精度和速度,实现了对装甲车辆实车多路温度信号的实时采集、管理、显示、打印与分析等功能.同时本系统可以扩展为其它类型参数或混合类型参数的测量控制系统.     

炮兵作战指挥的效能评估

本文从分析影响炮兵作战指挥效能的因素入手,通过确定诸因素的关系、地位并对诸因素进行分析,提出了提高炮兵作战指挥效能的对策,为科学评估炮兵作战指挥效能提供了一种可行的思路和方法,对炮兵作战指挥理论和部队作战训练有实际的参考和应用价值.