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21.
Longevity is a unique human phenomenon and a highly stable trait, characterized by polygenicity. The longevity phenotype occurs due to the ability to successfully withstand the age-related genomic instability triggered by Alu elements. The purpose of our cross-sectional study was to evaluate the combined contribution of ACE*Ya5ACE, CDH4*Yb8NBC516, COL13A1*Ya5ac1986, HECW1*Ya5NBC182, LAMA2*Ya5-MLS19, PLAT*TPA25, PKHD1L1*Yb8AC702, SEMA6A*Yb8NBC597, STK38L*Ya5ac2145 and TEAD1*Ya5ac2013 Alu elements to longevity. The study group included 2054 unrelated individuals aged from 18 to 113 years who are ethnic Tatars from Russia. We analyzed the dynamics of the allele and genotype frequencies of the studied Alu polymorphic loci in the age groups of young (18–44 years old), middle-aged (45–59 years old), elderly (60–74 years old), old seniors (75–89 years old) and long-livers (90–113 years old). Most significant changes in allele and genotype frequencies were observed between the long-livers and other groups. The search for polygenic predictors of longevity was performed using the APSampler program. Attaining longevity was associated with the combinations LAMA2*ID + CDH4*D (OR = 2.23, PBonf = 1.90 × 10−2) and CDH4*DD + LAMA2*ID + HECW1*D (OR = 4.58, PBonf = 9.00 × 10−3) among persons aged between 18 and 89 years, LAMA2*ID + CDH4*D + SEMA6A*I for individuals below 75 years of age (OR = 3.13, PBonf = 2.00 × 10−2), LAMA2*ID + HECW1*I for elderly people aged 60 and older (OR = 3.13, PBonf = 2.00 × 10−2) and CDH4*DD + LAMA2*D + HECW1*D (OR = 4.21, PBonf = 2.60 × 10−2) and CDH4*DD + LAMA2*D + ACE*I (OR = 3.68, PBonf = 1.90 × 10−2) among old seniors (75–89 years old). The key elements of combinations associated with longevity were the deletion alleles of CDH4 and LAMA2 genes. Our results point to the significance for human longevity of the Alu polymorphic loci in CDH4, LAMA2, HECW1, SEMA6A and ACE genes, involved in the integration systems.  相似文献   
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Upconversion (UC) lanthanide nanomaterials have attracted enormous attention in the last two decades thanks to their unique ability to convert low-energy infrared photons into high-energy photons. In this mini-review, we briefly discussed the recent achievements related to the direct utilization of UC optical nanomaterials for photocatalysis and photovoltaic applications. In particular, selected examples of UC-containing devices/nanocomposites with improved performance were covered. In addition, we outlined some challenges and future trends associated with the widespread usage of UC nanomaterials.  相似文献   
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通过传统微生物分离法和纯种固态发酵产香试验,从陶融型酒醅微生物资源中分离、筛选产香能力优良的芽孢杆菌,采用形态观察、生理生化试验及分子生物技术对其进行鉴定,并对其耐受性进行研究。结果表明,从陶融型酒醅中共分离得到11株芽孢杆菌,其中,菌株YSB11产香较好,固态发酵产物中含有浓郁的焦香、糊香和酱香味,包含酚类、吡嗪类、呋喃类、芳香类、酯类等多种白酒中重要的呈香物质,为优良产香芽孢杆菌。菌株YSB11被鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensiss),可耐高温53 ℃、酒精度6%vol、NaCl含量8%及低pH值6.0。  相似文献   
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There is a paucity of data in respect of the nutritional quality of complementary foods for infants and young children aged between 6 and 12 months. In this study, we developed and validated an analytical method for determination of the endocrine-disrupting organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and elements (As, Cd, and Pb) in infant formula and baby foods. Therefore, it found out the contamination level of the both OCPs and some trace metals (As, Cd, and Pb) in widely consumed infant formula and baby food in Turkey. Metal concentrations in baby foods and infant formula were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Samples were digested with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a microwave oven. Determination of 24 organochlorine pesticide residues in baby foods and infant formula was completed by using gas chromatography double mass spectrometry. QuEChERS extraction method was carried out in the sample preparation part. The analytical performance of the entire procedure, such as linearity, the detection of limit, limit of quantification, specificity/selectivity, recovery (%), and precision, were assessed. The recoveries ranged from 93% (As) to 100% (Pb) for elements 78–98% for organochlorine pesticide residues (OCPs) at 100 ng mL?1. According to the results, lead, cadmium, and pesticides were not detected in any of the samples, while arsenic was detected in 16 samples.  相似文献   
27.
This study presents a methodology to assess suitability of a site for small scale concentrated solar power (CSP) systems for its energy conversion efficiency and make‐up water requirement. Energy conversion efficiency of CSPs relies not only on the level of direct solar radiation but also on the performance of the cooling system. Regions with high solar potential have to deal with heat rejection at elevated temperatures which causes reduced energy conversion efficiencies due to high condenser temperatures. It is desirable to utilize wet cooling systems as they can achieve temperatures lower than the dry bulb temperature by evaporative cooling. On the other hand, such regions usually lack water resources which deteriorate the sustainable nature of CSP applications. This study combines various available models for both solar resource estimation and cooling systems' performance considering (i) the influence of ambient temperatures, and (ii) the influence of humidity levels. These models are integrated together to analyze the use of dry or wet cooling systems in terms of overall energy output and water consumption at a selected site in northern Cyprus. The model inputs consist of only annual hourly surface weather data and the location of the site of interest. The results show that dry cooling unit at northern Cyprus is capable of saving water about 18.7 ton/MWh while it produces 27% less energy compared to the wet cooling alternative for the representative annual weather data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
28.
The single-pellet moment techniques previously developed for the evaluation of effective diffusion coefficient and effective thermal conductivity of a porous solid are combined and a procedure is proposed for the simultaneous evaluation of these constants from a single set of pulse response experiments. It is shown that both temperature and concentration response curves can be measured from a single pulse of oxygen injected into hydrogen carrier gas flowing past a catalyst pellet. It is shown that the zeroth moment of the concentration response peaks are sufficient for finding the effective diffusivity while both zeroth and first order moments are required for thermal conductivity. Experiments conducted at 110°C with a boehmite pellet of porosity 0.57 gave a thermal conductivity value of 3.6 x 10-4 cal/cm °K s and an effective diffusivity (for H2O) of 0.054 cm2/s. The adsorption equilibrium constant of H2O was determined as ρpK = 24.5 from the first moment data. If sorption resistance to diffusion through the pellet is included in the diffusion coefficient, an apparent value of 0.0011 cm2/s would be obtained for Deff. This result indicates the importance of separation of diffusion and sorption parameters in the analysis.  相似文献   
29.
In the application field of forging, the form-giving tool components are subject to process-related severe environmental conditions, such as high mechanical loads acting simultaneously with high tribological and thermal charges. Due to high machine hour rates as well as increasing environmental requirements in terms of energy consumption, wear protection methods and suitable repair measures for forging tools become more and more important. Laser deposition welding represents an established process for the repair of complex shaped surfaces. A new approach is the addition of nano-sized ceramic particles to improve the mechanical properties. The main idea is to reduce the grain size of the cladded layers by adding nano-sized nuclei. A fine grained microstructure will improve strength as well as ductility and fatigue resistance. Furthermore small hard particles can improve the wear resistance without affecting the friction of the surface. After the cladding process the surface has to be finished usually by turning, milling and grinding operations. Within the presented paper the potential of nanoparticle-reinforced deposition welding with regard to increasing the wear resistance of forging dies will be examined. First, the process of nanoparticle-reinforced deposition welding will be presented. Afterwards it will be shown that yttrium oxide, titanium carbide and tungsten carbide nanoparticles in an AISI H10 matrix material will influence the friction coefficient between forging tool and material as well as the wear properties.  相似文献   
30.
Nanoplasmonic sensing is typically based on quantification of changes in optical extinction or scattering spectra. Here we explore the possibility of facile self-referenced hydrogen sensing based on angle-resolved spectroscopy. We found that heterodimers built from closely spaced gold and palladium nanodisks exhibit pronounced directional scattering, that is, for particular wavelengths, much more light is scattered toward the Au than toward the Pd particle in a dimer. The effect is due to optical phase shifts associated with the material asymmetry and therefore highly sensitive to changes in the permittivity of Pd induced by hydrogen loading. In a wider perspective, the results suggest that directional scattering from bimetallic antennas, and material asymmetry in general, may offer many new routes toward novel nanophotonic sensing schemes.  相似文献   
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