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101.
The index inhomogeneity and the microstructure of ZrO(2) films prepared by Ar-ion-assisted deposition are investigated. The results show that as the Ar-ion momentum transferred to the growing film increases, the average refractive index increases, the vacuum-to-air spectral shift becomes almost zero, the sign of relative inhomogeneity transits from negative to positive, and the void fraction of the top layer next to air becomes smaller than that of the bottom one. These optical properties result from the improved packing density and denser outer region next to air. The Ar-ion bombardment also induces the changes in microstructure of ZrO(2) films, such as the preferential (111) orientation of cubic phase, increase in compressive stress, and reduction of surface roughness. 相似文献
102.
S. S. Cho B. S. Chun C. H. Won B. S. Lee H. K. Kim B. J. Song M. Ryu 《Advanced Performance Materials》1996,3(1):29-42
The Al-12Si-5Fe-3Cu-1Mg(wt%) alloy was rapidly solidified by centrifugal atomization. The microstructural characteristics of rapidly solidified powder and the microstructure changes with heat treatment were investigated in terms and related to powder size. The microstructures of the powder consisted of dendritic -Al, eutectic phase, Cu-rich phase, and needle-like intermetallic compounds. These phases were much finer than that of ingot cast structure and the size decreased with increasing cooling rate. The X-ray diffraction of the atomized powders revealed the presence of non-equilibrium 3-(AlFeSi) intermetallic phase. This phase appeared to transform to an equilibrium -(AlFeSi) phase by heating at temperatures above 470°C. The extruded rod which was hot extruded at 360°C with an extrusion ratio of 40:1 also revealed the presence of the -(AIFeSi) intermetallic phase. Using DSC, the exothermic peak due to precipitation from the supersaturated -Al matrix was observed in the range of 200–250°C during continuous heating of atomized powder, and the size of the peaks increased with decreasing powder size. 相似文献
103.
Hyunjin Lee Lei Jin Kiyeon Lee Socrates Demetriades Michael Moeng Sangyeun Cho 《Software》2010,40(3):239-258
Simulation is indispensable in computer architecture research. Researchers increasingly resort to detailed architecture simulators to identify performance bottlenecks, analyze interactions among different hardware and software components, and measure the impact of new design ideas on the system performance. However, the slow speed of conventional execution‐driven architecture simulators is a serious impediment to obtaining desirable research productivity. This paper describes a novel fast multicore processor architecture simulation framework called Two‐Phase Trace‐driven Simulation (TPTS), which splits detailed timing simulation into a trace generation phase and a trace simulation phase. Much of the simulation overhead caused by uninteresting architectural events is only incurred once during the cycle‐accurate simulation‐based trace generation phase and can be omitted in the repeated trace‐driven simulations. We report our experiences with tsim, an event‐driven multicore processor architecture simulator that models detailed memory hierarchy, interconnect, and coherence protocol based on the TPTS framework. By applying aggressive event filtering, tsim achieves an impressive simulation speed of 146 millions of simulated instructions per second, when running 16‐thread parallel applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
104.
Why would people use Short Message Service (SMS) to say something they would not say in person? There is a trend that SMS is becoming more and more popular because it facilitates more extended modes of communications. Using technology acceptance model, we hypothesize the attitude of SMS would be influenced by its perceived effectiveness for communications, perceived ease of use, and subjective norm. Besides the special aspects of communications, conflict avoidance and privacy protection will enforce the impact of perceived effectiveness of SMS for communication. We investigated 953 SMS users and the results support most of our hypotheses. Furthermore, our analyses also show there are differences between females and males on the influence mechanism behind their attitude towards SMS. 相似文献
105.
106.
A great deal of research indicates that the shared disks (SD) cluster is suitable to high performance transaction processing.
However, the aggregation of SD cluster with real-time processing has not been investigated. By adopting cluster technology,
the real-time services will be highly available and can exploit internode parallelism. In this paper, we consider buffer management
issues in a real-time SD cluster. We first propose a real-time buffer coherency algorithm that exploits inherent characteristics
of real-time applications and SD cluster. Then we extend traditional buffer replacement algorithms to the real-time SD cluster.
They emphasize specific attributes of buffer pages to capitalize locality of references, transaction deadline, and affinity-based
routing. We evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms under a wide variety of transaction workloads and system configurations. 相似文献
107.
This paper proposed a hybrid genetic based functional link artificial neural network (HFLANN) with simultaneous optimization
of input features for the purpose of solving the problem of classification in data mining. The aim of the proposed approach
is to choose an optimal subset of input features using genetic algorithm by eliminating features with little or no predictive
information and increase the comprehensibility of resulting HFLANN. Using the functionally expanded of selected features,
HFLANN overcomes the nonlinearity nature of problems, which is commonly encountered in single-layer neural networks. The features
like simplicity of the architecture and low computational complexity of the network encourage us to use it in classification
task of data mining. Further, the issue of statistical tests for comparison of algorithms on multiple datasets, which is even
more essential to typical machine learning and data mining studies, has been all but ignored. In this work, we recommend a
set of simple, yet safe and robust parametric and nonparametric tests for statistical comparisons of HFLANN with FLANN and
RBF classifiers over multiple datasets by an extensive simulation studies. 相似文献
108.
Road sign recognition system remains a challenging part of designing an Intelligent Driving Support System. While there exist
many approaches to classify road signs, none have adopted an unsupervised approach. This paper proposes a way of Self-Organizing
feature mapping for recognizing a road sign. The emergent self-organizing map (ESOM) is employed for the feature mapping in
this study. It has the capability of visualizing the distance structures as well as the density structure of high-dimensional
data sets, in which the ESOM is suitable to detect non-trivial cluster structures. This paper discusses the usage of ESOM
for road sign detection and classification. The benchmarking against some other commonly used classifiers was performed. The
results demonstrate that the ESOM approach outperforms the others in conducting the same simulations of the road sign recognition.
We further demonstrate that the result obtained with ESOM is significantly more superior than traditional SOM which does not
take into the boundary effect like ESOM did. 相似文献
109.
Jonghee M. Youn Minwook Ahn Yunheung Paek Jongwung Kim Jeonghun Cho 《Journal of Systems Architecture》2010,56(8):368-383
The complexity of today’s embedded applications increases with various requirements such as execution time, code size or power consumption. To satisfy these requirements for performance, efficient instruction set design is one of the important issues because an instruction customized for specific applications can make better performance than multiple instructions in aspect of fast execution time, decrease of code size, and low power consumption. Limited encoding space, however, does not allow adding application specific and complex instructions freely to the instruction set architecture. To resolve this problem, conventional architectures increases free space for encoding by trimming excessive bits required beyond the fixed word length. This approach however shows severe weakness in terms of the complexity of compiler, code size and execution time. In this paper, we propose a new instruction encoding scheme based on the dynamic implied addressing mode (DIAM) to resolve limited encoding space and side-effect by trimming. We report our two versions of architectures to support our DIAM-based approach. In the first version, we use a special on-chip memory to store extra encoding information. In the second version, we replace the memory by a small on-chip buffer along with a special instruction. We also suggest a code generation algorithm to fully utilize DIAM. In our experiment, the architecture augmented with DIAM shows about 8% code size reduction and 18% speed up on average, as compared to the basic architecture without DIAM. 相似文献
110.
Jung Jin Cho Yu Ding Yong Chen Jiong Tang 《Automation Science and Engineering, IEEE Transactions on》2010,7(1):81-95
This paper presents a robust calibration procedure for clustered wireless sensor networks. Accurate calibration of between-node distances is one crucial step in localizing sensor nodes in an ad-hoc sensor network. The calibration problem is formulated as a parameter estimation problem using a linear calibration model. For reducing or eliminating the unwanted influence of measurement corruptions or outliers on parameter estimation, which may be caused by sensor or communication failures, a robust regression estimator such as the least-trimmed squares (LTS) estimator is a natural choice. Despite the availability of the FAST-LTS routine in several statistical packages (e.g., R, S-PLUS, SAS), applying it to the sensor network calibration is not a simple task. To use the FAST-LTS, one needs to input a trimming parameter, which is a function of the sensor redundancy in a network. Computing the redundancy degree and subsequently solving the LTS estimation both turn out to be computationally demanding. Our research aims at utilizing some cluster structure in a network configuration in order to do robust estimation more efficiently. We present two algorithms that compute the exact value and a lower bound of the redundancy degree, respectively, and an algorithm that computes the LTS estimation. Two examples are presented to illustrate how the proposed methods help alleviate the computational demands associated with robust estimation and thus facilitate robust calibration in a sensor network. 相似文献