3D‐Printing of High‐κ Thiol‐Ene Resins with Spiro‐Orthoesters as Anti‐Shrinkage Additive

Tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether and the spiro‐orthoester 2‐((allyloxy)methy)‐1,4,6‐trioxospiro[4.4]nonane can be formulated in different ratios and crosslinked by thiol‐ene reactions. The spiro‐orthoester is used as anti‐shrinkage additive, enabling shrinkage reduction of up to 39%. Addition of a radical photoinitiator for the thiol‐ene reaction and a cationic photoinitiator for the double ring‐opening of the spiro‐orthoester enables dual‐curing for application in 3D‐printing. The formulation free of the spiro‐orthoester shows gelation during the printing process and, correspondingly, low resolution. The formulations containing the spiro‐orthoester exhibit higher resolutions in the range of 50 µm. The resins containing mixtures of tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether and the spiro‐orthoester show permittivities as high as 10⁴. The dielectric loss factor of the resins is in the range of 0.5–7.6, and the conductivity in the range of 1.3?10^?11 to 2.0?10^?11 S cm^?1. These high‐κ materials can be 3D‐printed by digital light processing for the next generation of electronic materials.     

Effect of lysine incorporation,annealing and heat moisture treatment alone and in combination on the physico-chemical,retrogradation, rheological properties and in vitro digestibility of kithul (Caryota urens L.) starch

Physico-chemical, retrogradation, rheological properties and in vitro digestibility of lysine incorporated kithul starch modified by annealing, heat moisture treatment and its combinations were studied. LS-AHMT (annealed-heat moisture treated lysine incorporated kithul starch) exhibited lowest amylose leaching. LS-AHMT showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher relative crystallinity. LS-ANS (annealed lysine incorporated kithul starch), LS-HMT (heat moisture treated lysine incorporated kithul starch) and LS-AHMT formed more weak gel by the effect of annealing, heat moisture treatment and its combination. LS-AHMT showed lowest pasting viscosities, G′ and G″ values among the modified kithul starch, which indicates its lower retrogradation properties. In vitro digestibility of kithul starch decreased after modifications and LS-ANS, LS-HMT and LS-AHMT showed significantly higher resistant starch content. The current study showed that annealing, heat moisture treatment and its combination on NS-LS (lysine incorporated kithul starch) effectively modified kithul starch properties.     

Removal of CO from process gas with Sn–activated carbon in pressure swing adsorption

A pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system using activated carbon impregnated with SnCl ₂·2H ₂ O and pure activated carbon was used to remove CO from a model H ₂/CO mixture representing the steam reformer process gas. On comparing PSA results for both carbons, the CO adsorptive capacity of impregnated carbon was found to be superior to that of the pure carbon. This was confirmed by the fact that the concentration of CO, initially at 1000 ppm, was successfully reduced to 4.02% and 1.04% of its initial concentration by the pure and the impregnated activated carbons respectively in the PSA system. The species in the impregnated carbon responsible for the improved gas phase CO adsorption was found to be SnO ₂. Simulation results at a cyclic time of 600 s in the PSA operating at 10 atmospheres gave a product recovery and purity of 99.99% and 57.48%, respectively. At 6 atmospheres, the product recovery and purity were 92.17% and 77.12%, respectively. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Evidence for intergranular tunnelling in polyaniline passivated α-Fe nanoparticles

Nanoparticles are of immense importance both from the fundamental and application points of view. They exhibit quantum size effects which are manifested in their improved magnetic and electric properties. Mechanical attrition by high energy ball milling (HEBM) is a top down process for producing fine particles. However, fineness is associated with high surface area and hence is prone to oxidation which has a detrimental effect on the useful properties of these materials. Passivation of nanoparticles is known to inhibit surface oxidation. At the same time, coating polymer film on inorganic materials modifies the surface properties drastically. In this work a modified set-up consisting of an RF plasma polymerization technique is employed to coat a thin layer of a polymer film on Fe nanoparticles produced by HEBM. Ball-milled particles having different particle size ranges are coated with polyaniline. Their electrical properties are investigated by measuring the dc conductivity in the temperature range 10-300?K. The low temperature dc conductivity (I-V) exhibited nonlinearity. This nonlinearity observed is explained on the basis of the critical path model. There is clear-cut evidence for the occurrence of intergranular tunnelling. The results are presented here in this paper.     

A Proactive Operational Framework for Business Continuity in the Semiconductor Industry

Prolonged disruption due to a man‐made crisis or a natural disaster could result in the loss of vital corporate assets or market share. To protect the organization and ensure the survival of the business, a comprehensive contingency plan is necessary. Some unique characteristics of the semiconductor industry are its equipment and its technological and capital‐intensive investments. As with any other industry, the uninterrupted provision of products and services to clients should be considered the key priority of the semiconductor industry. In this regard, this paper presents a systematic and proactive operational framework for the semiconductor industry to effectively anticipate, resist, and recover from disasters. The framework is composed of three phases: emergency response team, crisis management, and business continuity plan. The contents of these phases are discussed, and related workable procedures and measures are recommended to practitioners to ensure that organizations can continue to operate in the most adverse situations and thus remain viable and profitable during and after the crisis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic Fracture of a Zr-based Bulk Metallic Glass

In the present study, dynamic fracture experiments are performed on fully amorphous Liquidmetal-1 (LM-1), a Zr-based BMG, to better understand fracture initiation and propagation in notched specimens. Experiments are conducted on notched (110 μm notch radius) four-point bend specimens using an instrumented modified split-Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus. The results of these experiments suggest that the critical dynamic stress intensity factor achieved by the notched LM-1 specimens is ~110 MPa m^1/2, which is similar to the fracture toughness determined from previous quasi-static fracture experiments. This insensitivity of the fracture toughness to crack tip loading rate suggests negligible loading-rate sensitivity on the dynamic fracture initiation toughness in LM-1. In situ high-speed camera images of the notched sample during the dynamic loading process show multiple fracture initiation attempts and subsequent arrests prior to catastrophic fracture initiation. Controlled stress wave loading experiments designed to induce sub-critical levels of damage in the notched specimens show extensive deformation banding extending 150 to 200 μm outward from the notch. The deformation bands, nominally perpendicular to each other, run along the direction of the notch and perpendicular to it. They are consistent with slip-line fields in notched samples of elastic perfectly plastic materials. Subsequent loading of the damaged specimen again shows several attempts at crack initiation followed by blunting; the initial sub-critical damage in the region around the notch is understood to increase the energy required for catastrophic specimen failure and is consistent with an increase in the effective notch radius due to preexisting damage.     

Breit–Pauli atomic structure calculations for Fe XI

Energy levels, oscillator strengths, and transition probabilities are calculated for the lowest-lying 165 energy levels of Fe XI using configuration-interaction wavefunctions. The calculations include all the major correlation effects. Relativistic effects are included in the Breit–Pauli approximation by adding mass-correction, Darwin, and spin–orbit interaction terms to the non-relativistic Hamiltonian. For comparison with the calculated ab initio energy levels, we have also calculated the energy levels by using the fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock method. The calculated results are in close agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology compilation and other available results. New results are predicted for many of the levels belonging to the 3s3p⁴3d and 3s3p³3d² configurations, which are very important in astrophysics, relevant, for example, to the recent observations by the Hinode spacecraft. We expect that our extensive calculations will be useful to experimentalists in identifying the fine structure levels in their future work.     

2014橱柜流行趋势——科技让厨房再一次超越

<正>米兰国际家具(i saloni)展是全球家具业的顶级盛事,是全球家具流行趋势的风向标,每年都吸引了大量的建筑设计师、室内设计师和家具设计师观展。每两年一次的米兰国际家具展中的厨房卫浴展(Eurocucina)云集了来自全球的知名厨卫品牌,争相展示其最新的设计。2014年的米兰厨房展(Eurocucina)可以说是整个米兰家具展中最具看点的,创新的不只是色彩、材质、造型,而是加入更多科技元素,让厨房在实用性与舒适性上大大提升。橱柜的组成最重要的是两大元素,一是面板,二是五金件。面板就像橱柜的外衣,它更多的是通过材质、色彩来表现橱柜的外在形象;而五金件更像是隐身英雄,它所承担的责任是让设计在技术上和功能上得以实现。在2014年的米兰国际家具展厨房展(Eurocucina)上,我们可以深刻而明显地感受到因科技的创新带给厨房的又一次超越。在此,我们将2014橱柜流行趋势呈现如下。     

Ethanol extract of the Prunus mume fruits stimulates glucose uptake by regulating PPAR-γ in C2C12 myotubes and ameliorates glucose intolerance and fat accumulation in mice fed a high-fat diet

In this study, we performed in vitro and in vivo studies to examine whether a 70% ethanol extract of Prunus mume fruits (EMS) exhibits anti-diabetic effects. Treatment with EMS increased glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes, and also increased PPAR-γ activity or PPAR-γ mRNA expression. To confirm these in vitro results, we next conducted an animal experiment. A high-fat diet significantly increased the body weight, fat accumulation, and glucose levels in mice. Under the same conditions, 5% EMS attenuated the high-fat diet-induced increase in body weight and fat accumulation and improved the impaired fasting glucose level and glucose tolerance. High performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated that EMS contained chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, luteolin-7-glucoside, naringin, apigenin-7-glucoside, and hesperidin. Taken together, these findings suggest that EMS exerts an anti-diabetic effect both in vitro and in vivo, which is mediated, at least in part, by the activation of PPAR-γ.