Residual learning based CNN for breast cancer histopathological image classification

Biopsy is one of the most commonly used modality to identify breast cancer in women, where tissue is removed and studied by the pathologist under the microscope to look for abnormalities in tissue. This technique can be time-consuming, error-prone, and provides variable results depending on the expertise level of the pathologist. An automated and efficient approach not only aids in the diagnosis of breast cancer but also reduces human effort. In this paper, we develop an automated approach for the diagnosis of breast cancer tumors using histopathological images. In the proposed approach, we design a residual learning-based 152-layered convolutional neural network, named as ResHist for breast cancer histopathological image classification. ResHist model learns rich and discriminative features from the histopathological images and classifies histopathological images into benign and malignant classes. In addition, to enhance the performance of the developed model, we design a data augmentation technique, which is based on stain normalization, image patches generation, and affine transformation. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated on publicly available BreaKHis dataset. The proposed ResHist model achieves an accuracy of 84.34% and an F1-score of 90.49% for the classification of histopathological images. Also, this approach achieves an accuracy of 92.52% and F1-score of 93.45% when data augmentation is employed. The proposed approach outperforms the existing methodologies in the classification of benign and malignant histopathological images. Furthermore, our experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our approach over the pre-trained networks, namely AlexNet, VGG16, VGG19, GoogleNet, Inception-v3, ResNet50, and ResNet152 for the classification of histopathological images.     

Enhanced fuzzy logic‐based spray and wait routing protocol for delay tolerant networks

Delay tolerant networks are a class of ad hoc networks that enable data delivery even in the absence of end‐to‐end connectivity between nodes, which is the basic assumption for routing in ad hoc networks. Nodes in these networks work on store‐carry and forward paradigm. In addition, such networks make use of message replication as a strategy to increase the possibility of messages reaching their destination. As contact opportunities are usually of short duration, it is important to prioritize scheduling of messages. Message replication may also lead to buffer congestion. Hence, buffer management is an important issue that greatly affects the performance of routing protocols in delay tolerant networks. In this paper, Spray and Wait routing protocol, which is a popular controlled replication‐based protocol for delay tolerant networks, has been enhanced using a new fuzzy‐based buffer management strategy Enhanced Fuzzy Spray and Wait Routing, with the aim to achieve increased delivery ratio and reduced overhead ratio. It aggregates three important message properties namely number of replicas of a message, its size, and remaining time‐to‐live, using fuzzy logic to determine the message priority, which denotes its importance with respect to other messages stored in a node's buffer. It then intelligently selects messages to schedule when a contact opportunity occurs. Because determination of number of replicas of a message in the network is a difficult task, a new method for estimation of the same has been proposed. Simulation results show improved performance of enhanced fuzzy spray and wait routing in terms of delivery ratio and resource consumption. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of Dufour and chemical reaction on an unsteady magneto hydrodynamics flow past an exponentially moving plate

The aim of the study is to measure the Dufour number effects on the flow patterns and heat transfer in an exponentially accelerated infinite vertical plate embedded in a porous medium in the presence of heat source and chemical reaction. Time-dependent variations in temperature, velocity, and other factors should be taken into consideration due to the flow's unsteadiness. The fluid considered is a gray, absorbing/emitting radiation but nonscattering medium. Using the finite element method, a set of nondimensionless equations is solved analytically. Results are discussed graphically for concentration, temperature, and velocity profiles. Skin friction, Sherwood number, and Nusselt number are also explained for flow parameters through graphs.     

Effects of chemical reaction and thermal radiation on MHD free convective flow of micro polar fluid past an infinite moving vertical porous plate with viscous dissipation

This article discusses the impact of chemical reaction and radiation on an unstable two-dimensional laminar flow around a viscous fluid over a semi-infinite, vertical absorbent surface that moves progressively. The governing classification of partial differentiation was converted into an ordinary differentiation system in this case. To get numerical solutions, the Galerkin finite element technique is applied to nondimensional velocity, micro-rotation, temperature, and concentration profiles. The consequences of skin friction, the combined pressure quantity, the mass, and heat assignments at the boundary are formed using different fluid properties and flow conditions. Physical quantities and their effects Graphs depict the radiation parameter R, thermal conductivity k, Eckert number Ec, and other velocities, micro-rotation, temperature, and concentration factors. The main findings of this current problem is showing the chemical reaction effects on velocity and concentration. It is observed that both the velocity and concentration of the fluid decrease when Kr increases.     

TFT-LCD生产线是否越大越好?

生产商飞速地建造更大的生产设备,但利润总是不可能超越成本和风险。TFT-LCD生产线的规模有实际限制吗?     

Raman-active two-tiered Ag nanoparticles with a concentric cavity

A two-tiered Ag nanoparticle containing a cavity at the center of each nanoparticle is generated by two simple steps of nano-imprinting and metal vacuum deposition. It enables sub-zeptomole detection of organic molecules and five orders of the dynamic sensing range.     

Efficient SSHI circuit for piezoelectric energy harvester uses one shot pulse boost converter

In this paper, a one shot pulse inductor boost converter is presented which provides 4 V output at 60 ms of delay using 0.15 V vibration source. Energy harvesting plays an important role in biomedical implants sensors where the extended life time is the most prominent factor. Synchronized switch harvesters on inductor (SSHI) comes into existence due to its highly efficient interface with energy harvesters. The main aim of this paper is to obtain high efficiency and maximum power extraction from piezoelectric energy harvester using SSHI and one shot pulse boost converter. This circuit does not require any external voltage and provides the controlled output with reduced power dissipation of approximately 10 nW and power consumption achieves between 1 and 10 mW. The start-up problem due to variable vibrational energy source is avoided by using one shot pulse inductor boost converter. This converter uses only one shot period for maximum charge transfer during first switching cycle. In 180 nm CMOS process, result shows that pulse boost converter can be directly powered from low voltage of 0.15 V with efficiency of?≈?90% across the load of 6 µA current having switching frequency of 206 kHz. It also eliminates the problem of switching losses and reduces leakage current by saving board space and external components cost.     

Determination of Urea Nitrate and Guanidine Nitrate Vapor Pressures by Isothermal Thermogravimetry

Since the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988, detection of military explosives has received much attention. Only in the last few years has detection of improvised explosives become a priority. Many detection methods require that the particulate or vapor be available. Elsewhere we have reported the vapor pressures of peroxide explosives triacetone triperoxide (TATP), diacetone diperoxide (DADP), and 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT). Herein we examine the vapor signatures of the nitrate salts of urea and guanidine (UN and GN, respectively), and compare them to ammonium nitrate (AN) and TATP using an isothermal thermo‐gravimetric method. The vapor signatures of the nitrate salts are assumed to be the vapor pressures of the neutral parent base and nitric acid. Studies were performed at elevated temperatures (80–120 °C for UN, 205–225 °C for GN, 100–160 °C for AN, and 40–59 °C for TATP), enthalpies of sublimation calculated and vapor pressures extrapolated to room temperature. Reported vapor pressure values (in Pa) are as follows: GN ≪UN <AN ≪TATP 2.66×10⁻¹⁸ 3.94×10⁻⁵ 5.98×10⁻⁴ 24.8     

Biocidal Efficacy of Ozone and Chlorine on Planktonic and Biofilm Cells of Two Marine Bacteria Species

For successful performance of cooling water systems, biofouling of heat exchange units has to be controlled. In this study planktonic and biofilm cells of two marine bacteria, Bacillus pumilus and Planomicrobium flavidum, were assayed for the biocidal efficacy of ozone and chlorine at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 1.8 mg L^?1 concentrations. Ozone at a dose of 1.5 mg L^?1 killed all the planktonic and biofilm cells of B. pumilus within 15 min of contact time, while chlorine took 30 min at the same dose. However, P. flavidum showed moderate tolerance to ozone and chlorine; a reduction of 7 logs was observed with planktonic cells and 8 logs with biofilm cells. The study elaborates the possibilities of ozone application in once through seawater cooling systems based on the biofilm assay studies.

[Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Ozone: Science &; Engineering for the following free supplemental resources: tables containing the data used to plot Figures 3 and 5 of the article.]