全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4330篇 |
免费 | 184篇 |
国内免费 | 23篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 75篇 |
综合类 | 19篇 |
化学工业 | 954篇 |
金属工艺 | 73篇 |
机械仪表 | 101篇 |
建筑科学 | 70篇 |
矿业工程 | 3篇 |
能源动力 | 237篇 |
轻工业 | 410篇 |
水利工程 | 26篇 |
石油天然气 | 22篇 |
无线电 | 493篇 |
一般工业技术 | 858篇 |
冶金工业 | 541篇 |
原子能技术 | 28篇 |
自动化技术 | 627篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 56篇 |
2022年 | 105篇 |
2021年 | 213篇 |
2020年 | 149篇 |
2019年 | 140篇 |
2018年 | 194篇 |
2017年 | 158篇 |
2016年 | 170篇 |
2015年 | 102篇 |
2014年 | 162篇 |
2013年 | 293篇 |
2012年 | 192篇 |
2011年 | 232篇 |
2010年 | 175篇 |
2009年 | 147篇 |
2008年 | 160篇 |
2007年 | 154篇 |
2006年 | 128篇 |
2005年 | 114篇 |
2004年 | 69篇 |
2003年 | 73篇 |
2002年 | 55篇 |
2001年 | 40篇 |
2000年 | 52篇 |
1999年 | 47篇 |
1998年 | 191篇 |
1997年 | 118篇 |
1996年 | 99篇 |
1995年 | 71篇 |
1994年 | 72篇 |
1993年 | 60篇 |
1992年 | 41篇 |
1991年 | 36篇 |
1990年 | 28篇 |
1989年 | 32篇 |
1988年 | 28篇 |
1987年 | 22篇 |
1986年 | 24篇 |
1985年 | 32篇 |
1984年 | 39篇 |
1983年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 22篇 |
1981年 | 22篇 |
1980年 | 21篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 19篇 |
1977年 | 18篇 |
1976年 | 31篇 |
1975年 | 17篇 |
1974年 | 22篇 |
排序方式: 共有4537条查询结果,搜索用时 997 毫秒
51.
Eskildsen L. Goldstein E.L. Andrejco M. Curtis L. Shah V. Mahoney D. Zah C.E. Lin C. 《Electronics letters》1993,29(23):2040-2041
Phase-induced intensity noise from weak multiple reflectors is evaluated theoretically and experimentally in amplifier cascades without isolators. Rayleigh backscattering alone significantly limits the number of amplifiers in the span. Theory and experiment agree closely for a six-amplifier cascade.<> 相似文献
52.
JL Shah 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,53(10):1032-1033
53.
K Norose JI Clark NA Syed A Basu E Heber-Katz EH Sage CC Howe 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,39(13):2674-2680
PURPOSE: To determine the role of SPARC (secreted protein, acidic, and rich in cysteine) in cataractogenesis by examining mice deficient in a matricellular protein SPARC. METHODS: Mice were rendered SPARC-deficient by a targeted disruption of the gene. Slit-lamp microscopy and histology were used to examine the eyes of SPARC-null and wild-type mice from birth to 14 months of age. RESULTS: SPARC-null mice developed opacities in the posterior cortex of the eye as early as 1.5 months after birth. The diffuse cataracts appeared to progress toward the anterior cortex and reached maturity in many animals by 3.5 months of age. Early stages of cataractogenesis in SPARC-null mice included inhibition of normal lens fiber cell differentiation, degeneration of fiber cells, vacuole formation at the equator, and liquefaction of the cortex. No cataracts were detected in wild-type mice up to the age of 8 months. CONCLUSIONS: The early onset of cataracts in SPARC-null mice establishes that the gene is essential to the maintenance of lens transparency. 相似文献
54.
We examined the effect of meprin A, the major matrix degrading metalloproteinase in rat kidney, on the laminin-nidogen complex. N-terminal sequence information from the most abundant 55 kDa fragment revealed that it was a breakdown product of nidogen rather than laminin. In comparison with over 50 nidogen cleavage sites produced by other proteases, the meprin A-induced nidogen cleavage site at amino acid position 899-900, a glutamine-glycine site in the G3 domain, is unique. In addition, these data demonstrate that meprin A degrades the G3 domain of nidogen even in the presence of laminin binding, which usually accords protection from proteolytic degradation. Meprin A also degraded purified nidogen into similar breakdown products. Given that the tubular basement membrane is located on the basilar side of the cell, the location of meprin A on the apical brush border makes it difficult to envision a role for meprin A in injury-induced basement membrane component breakdown. Thus, we examined the possibility that following renal tubular epithelial cell injury, meprin A undergoes a translocation to reach the underlying basement membrane. After renal ischemia-reperfusion there was a marked alteration in meprin A staining with meprin A now distributed throughout the renal tubular cell cytoplasm and directly adherent to the tubular basement membrane. This was in contrast to the usual linear staining of the brush border of tubules in the corticomedullary junction. These data provide unequivocal evidence that following injury, meprin A undergoes redistribution and/or adherence to the tubular basement membrane. Since in our in vitro studies, we identified a distinct meprin-induced 55 kDa nidogen breakdown product, the urine was also examined for the presence of nidogen degradation products after rat renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Western blots showed a marked increase in the urinary 55 kDa nidogen fragment as early as the first day following ischemia-reperfusion injury and continuing for six days. Taken together, these in vivo data strongly support the notion that the nidogen breakdown products are the result of partial degradation of tubular basement membrane by meprin A following renal tubular ischemia-reperfusion injury. 相似文献
55.
SJ Simpson S Shah M Comiskey YP de Jong B Wang E Mizoguchi AK Bhan C Terhorst 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,187(8):1225-1234
56.
Meraj Talha Rauf Hafiz Tayyab Zahoor Saliha Hassan Arslan Lali M. IkramUllah Ali Liaqat Bukhari Syed Ahmad Chan Shoaib Umar 《Neural computing & applications》2021,33(17):10737-10750
Neural Computing and Applications - Lung cancer is a deadly disease if not diagnosed in its early stages. However, early detection of lung cancer is a challenging task due to the shape and size of... 相似文献
57.
58.
Ahmad Hassan Chaudhry Shafa Nayab Syed Bilal Hussain Muqarrab Ali Zhiyong Pan 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(4)
The productivity of agricultural produce is fairly dependent on the availability of nutrients and efficient use. Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the second most prevalent free divalent cation in plants. Mg2+ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development. However, it has been largely forgotten in fertilization management strategies to increase crop production, which leads to severe reductions in plant growth and yield. In this review, we discuss how the Mg2+ shortage induces several responses in plants at different levels: morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular. Additionally, the Mg2+ uptake and transport mechanisms in different cellular organelles and the role of Mg2+ transporters in regulating Mg2+ homeostasis are also discussed. Overall, in this review, we critically summarize the available information about the responses of Mg deficiency on plant growth and development, which would facilitate plant scientists to create Mg2+-deficiency-resilient crops through agronomic and genetic biofortification. 相似文献
59.
Dietrich E. Lorke Syed M. Nurulain Mohamed Y. Hasan Kamil Ku
a Georg A. Petroianu 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
Poisoning with organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) represents an ongoing threat to civilians and rescue personal. We have previously shown that oximes, when administered prophylactically before exposure to the OPC paraoxon, are able to protect from its toxic effects. In the present study, we have assessed to what degree experimental (K-27; K-48; K-53; K-74; K-75) or established oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime), when given as pretreatment at an equitoxic dosage of 25% of LD01, are able to reduce mortality induced by the OPC azinphos-methyl. Their efficacy was compared with that of pyridostigmine, the only FDA-approved substance for such prophylaxis. Efficacy was quantified in rats by Cox analysis, calculating the relative risk of death (RR), with RR=1 for the reference group given only azinphos-methyl, but no prophylaxis. All tested compounds significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced azinphos-methyl-induced mortality. In addition, the efficacy of all tested experimental and established oximes except K-53 was significantly superior to the FDA-approved compound pyridostigmine. Best protection was observed for the oximes K-48 (RR = 0.20), K-27 (RR = 0.23), and obidoxime (RR = 0.21), which were significantly more efficacious than pralidoxime and pyridostigmine. The second-best group of prophylactic compounds consisted of K-74 (RR = 0.26), K-75 (RR = 0.35) and pralidoxime (RR = 0.37), which were significantly more efficacious than pyridostigmine. Pretreatment with K-53 (RR = 0.37) and pyridostigmine (RR = 0.52) was the least efficacious. Our present data, together with previous results on other OPCs, indicate that the experimental oximes K-27 and K-48 are very promising pretreatment compounds. When penetration into the brain is undesirable, obidoxime is the most efficacious prophylactic agent already approved for clinical use. 相似文献
60.
Qianhong Li Yiru Guo Yibing Nong Alex Tomlin Anna Gumpert Xiaoping Zhu Syed Adeel Hassan Roberto Bolli 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
Using a murine model of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy caused by an old myocardial infarction (MI), we have previously found that three doses of 1 × 106 c-kit positive cardiac cells (CPCs) are more effective than a single dose of 1 × 106 cells. The goal of this study was to determine whether the beneficial effects of three doses of CPCs (1 × 106 cells each) can be fully replicated by a single combined dose of 3 × 106 CPCs. Mice underwent a 60-min coronary occlusion; after 90 days of reperfusion, they received three echo-guided intraventricular infusions at 5-week intervals: (1) vehicle × 3; (2) one combined dose of CPCs (3 × 106) and vehicle × 2; or (3) three doses of CPCs (1 × 106 each). In the combined-dose group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improved after the 1st CPC infusion, but not after the 2nd and 3rd (vehicle) infusions. In contrast, in the multiple-dose group, LVEF increased after each CPC infusion; at the final echo, LVEF averaged 35.2 ± 0.6% (p < 0.001 vs. the vehicle group, 27.3 ± 0.2%). At the end of the study, the total cumulative change in EF from pretreatment values was numerically greater in the multiple-dose group (6.6 ± 0.6%) than in the combined-dose group (4.8 ± 0.8%), although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). Hemodynamic studies showed that several parameters of LV function in the multiple-dose group were numerically greater than in the combined-dose group (p = 0.08 for the difference in LVEF). Compared with vehicle, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area was reduced only in the multiple-dose group (−32.7%, 182.6 ± 15.1 µm2 vs. 271.5 ± 27.2 µm2, p < 0.05, in the risk region and −28.5%, 148.5 ± 12.1 µm2 vs. 207.6 ± 20.5 µm2, p < 0.05, in the noninfarcted region). LV weight/body weight ratio and LV weight/tibia length ratios were significantly reduced in both cell treated groups vs. the vehicle group, indicating the attenuation of LV hypertrophy; however, the lung weight/body weight ratio was significantly reduced only in the multiple-dose group, suggesting decreased pulmonary congestion. Taken together, these results indicate that in mice with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy, the beneficial effects of three doses of CPCs on LV function and hypertrophy cannot be fully replicated with a single dose, notwithstanding the fact that the total number of cells delivered with one or three doses is the same. Thus, it is the multiplicity of doses, and not the total number of cells, that accounts for the superiority of the repeated-dose paradigm. This study supports the idea that the efficacy of cell therapy in heart failure can be augmented by repeated administrations. 相似文献