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81.
We fabricated an original near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) fiber probe made of polarization-maintaining and attenuation-reducing (PANDA)-type polarization-maintaining optical fiber, and observed the polarization property of propagation light in a polymer optical waveguide. The distribution of the transmission coefficient in polarization angles through this NSOM probe showed that the linear polarization is maintained in the two crossing directions: the fast and slow axes. The polarization degree parallel to the slow axis decreases from 1000:1 to 2:1 by bending the fiber probe and the decrease is independent of the bending direction. Using this PANDA-type NSOM probe, we investigated the polarization property of periodic intensity modulation. It was found that the intensity modulation was observed clearly with the electric vector parallel to the radius direction of the waveguide, but was observed vaguely with the electric vector perpendicular to the radius direction. 相似文献
82.
The influence of high concentrations of ferric ions on the biochemical activity of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was studied using intact cells. The specific oxidation rate of ferrous ions decreased with increasing ferric ion concentration. Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed typical competitive inhibition kinetics, because the slopes varied with the ferric ion concentration. A linear relationship between the slope and the square of the ferric ion concentration revealed that the iron-oxidizing enzyme system of A. ferrooxidans was competitively inhibited by about two molecules of ferric ion. The kinetic equation based on this inhibition model agreed with the experimental observation at a high ferric ion concentration where the bacterium is usually exposed in bioleaching and biooxidation plants. 相似文献
83.
Horiuchi S Hamanaka T Aoki T Miyakawa T Narita R Wakabayashi H 《Journal of electron microscopy》2003,52(3):255-266
Energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) was applied for investigating interfaces between a polymer and an adhesive. The sample employed in this work is polybutylene terephtharate (PBT) sheets laminated with an epoxy adhesive. It was found that heat aging of the PBT at 180 degrees C in air for > 9 h prior to adhesion decreases the adhesion strength drastically. To investigate this unfavourable aging effect on the adhesion strength, we performed elemental mapping and image EELS using EFTEM. A weak boundary layer with a thickness of < 50 nm was visualized at the PBT-adhesive interface by elemental mapping in the sample subjected to the heat aging and image EELS revealed the origin of this layer. Thus, we clearly correlated the nanoscale interfacial structure with the adhesion strength by EFTEM. 相似文献
84.
Chemiluminescence detection for a microchip capillary electrophoresis system fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane) 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Chemiluminescence (CL) detection integrated with a microchip capillary electrophoresis (MCE) system that was fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane) was demonstrated for chemical and biochemical analyses. Two model CL systems were involved here: metal ion-catalyzed luminol-peroxide reaction and dansyl species conjugated peroxalate-peroxide reaction. Different strategies based on three chip patterns (cross, cross combining with Y, and cross combining with V) to perform on-line CL detection for MCE were evaluated and compared in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility, and peak symmetry. The chip pattern of cross combining with Y proved to be promising for the luminol-peroxide CL system, while the chip pattern of cross combining with V was preferred for the peroxalate-peroxide system where CL reagent could not be effectively transported by electroosmotic flow. A detection limit down to submicromolar concentrations (midattomole) was achieved with good reproducibility and symmetric peak shape. Successful separation of three metal cations such as Cr(III), Co(II), and Cu(II) and chiral recognition of dansyl phenylalanine enantiomers within 1 min revealed distinct advantages of combining MCE with CL detection for rapid and sensitive analyses. 相似文献
85.
86.
Shujun Zhang Thomas R Shrout Hajime Nagata Yuji Hiruma Tadashi Takenaka 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》2007,54(5):910-917
Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with compositions around the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) x(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-y(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-zBaTiO3 [x + y + z = 1; y:z = 2:1] were synthesized using conventional, solid-state processing. Dielectric maximum temperatures of 280 degrees C and 262 degrees C were found for tetragonal 0.79(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.14(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.07BaTiO3 (BNBK79) and MPB composition 0.88(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.08(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.04BaTiO3 (BNBK88), with depolarization temperatures of 224 degrees C and 162 degrees C, respectively. Piezoelectric coefficients d33 were found to be 135 pC/N and 170 pC/N for BNBK79 and BNBK88, and the piezoelectric d31 was determined to be -37 pC/N and -51 pC/N, demonstrating strong anisotropy. Coercive field values were found to be 37 kV/cm and 29 kV/cm for BNBK79 and BNBK88, respectively. The remanent polarization of BNBK88 (approximately 40 microC/cm2) was larger than that of BNBK79 (approximately 29 microC/cm2). The piezoelectric, electromechanical, and high-field strain behaviors also were studied as a function of temperature and discussed. 相似文献
87.
Yuji Hiruma Hajime Nagata Tadashi Takenaka 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》2007,54(12):2493-2499
The phase-transition temperatures and piezoelectric properties of x(Bi(1/2)Na(1/2))TiO3-y(Bi(1/2)Li(1/2))TiO3-z(Bi(1/2)K(1/2))TiO3 [x + y + z = 1] (abbreviated as BNLKT100(y)-100(z)) ceramics were investigated. These ceramics were prepared using a conventional ceramic fabrication process. The phase-transition temperatures such as depolarization temperatures T(d), rhombohedraltetragonal phase transition temperature T(R-T), and dielectric-maximum temperature T(m) were determined using electrical measurements such as dielectric and piezoelectric properties. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns of BNLKT100(y)-100(z)) show the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between rhombohedral and tetragonal at approximately z = 0.20, and the piezoelectric properties show the maximum at the MPB. The electromechanical coupling factor k(33), piezoelectric constant d(33) and T(d) of BNLKT4-20 and BNLKT8-20 were 0.603, 176 pC/N, and 171 degrees C, and 0.590, 190 pC/N, and 115 degrees C, respectively. In addition, the relationship between d33 and Td of tetragonal side and rhombohedral side for BNLKT4-100z and BNLKT8-100z were presented. Considering both high Td and high d(33), the tetragonal side of BNLKT4-100z is thought to be the superior composition. The d(33) and T(d) of BNLKT4-28 were 135 pC/N and 218 degrees C, respectively. Moreover, this study revealed that the variation of T(d) is related to the variation of lattice distortion such as rhombohedrality 90-alpha and tetragonality c/a. 相似文献
88.
The fast-discretization is known as an approximate but efficient technique for design and analysis of sampled-data systems. In this paper, we propose a fast-discretization-based design for sampled-data critical control systems. Supposing a tracking problem or a slow-changing disturbance rejection problem, we assume that an exogenous input is a persistent and/or transient input with bound on the rate of change. It is shown that the critical constraint for such exogenous inputs can be given in the form of the inequality constraint on the unit step response. The design parameters are determined by a numerical search method subject to this constraint. However, instead of evaluating it strictly, we check the corresponding constraint which is obtained from the fast-discretized system. Although this approach is approximate, it provides an efficient numerical procedure for a computer-aided design. To show the validity of the proposed method, an example of a multi-objective critical control system design is presented. 相似文献
89.
Yuzo Nishida Satoshi Nishino Li Li Guo Mami Kunita Hideaki Matsushima Tadashi Tokii 《Inorganic chemistry communications》1999,2(12):160
We have observed that binuclear cobalt(II) compounds with H(HPTP), Co2(HPTP)(CH3COO)(ClO4)2 and Co2(HPTP)Cl(ClO4)2, react with oxygen molecules when DNA is present in the solution, cleaving the DNA (H(HPTP) denotes N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,3-diaminopropane-2- ol). 相似文献
90.
Yoshihiro Imai Tadashi Tokumasu Hidehiro Nagamura Kiyoshi Miyaike Hisakazu Matsumoto Hiroshi Hasegawa Hiroshi Kusafuka Masatoyo Shibuya Ryukichi Takahashi 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2007,160(2):30-38
In the combined‐cycle power plant generators are started by using the igniting arrangement up to the ignition rotational speed of the gas turbine. On the other hand, in the case of using the superconducting generator, it is difficult to apply the igniting arrangement used to generate electricity on the combined cycle for the structure as is. We examined the induction motor starting method for the superconducting generator by using the 70‐MW‐class quick‐response excitation superconducting model generator and the VVVF power supply. From the examination, we confirmed the ability to raise the rotational speed from 6 to 360 rpm. Moreover, it was found to be able to start 200‐MW‐class superconducting generators by the induction motor starting method with the analysis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(2): 30– 38, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience. wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20283 相似文献