Geometric nonlinear analysis of tall building structures with outriggers

In this paper, the geometric nonlinear behavior of wall‐frame tall building structures is analyzed. The governing equations of the wall‐frame systems with outrigger trusses are formulated through the continuum approach, and the whole structure is idealized as a shear‐flexural cantilever with rotational spring. The effect of shear and flexural deformation of the wall frame and outrigger trusses are considered and incorporated in the formulation of the governing equations. Geometric nonlinearity in the sense of von Karman is included in the formulation, and Newton–Raphson iterative method is employed to solve the nonlinear equations. A displacement‐based one‐dimensional nonlinear finite element model is developed. Numerical results for wall frame and mega‐column structures with outriggers are obtained and compared with the finite element package MIDAS. The proposed method is found to be simple and efficient, providing reasonably accurate results in early design stages of tall building structures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimization of conductivity and strength in Cu-Ni-Si alloys by suppressing discontinuous precipitation

Cu-Ni-Si alloys with and without Ti were solution treated at 980 °C for 1 h and cooled by air cooling and water quenching, after which the specimens were aged at 500 °C. The two alloys showed different aging characteristics with different cooling rates during the aging process. The conductivity of all alloys increased during aging; for alloys that were water quenched, hardness increased at the early stage of aging and then drastically decreased. The air-cooled Cu-Ni-Si alloy without Ti also experienced an increase in hardness, which then decreased during aging, but the air-cooled Cu-Ni-Si alloy with Ti did not show a drastic decrease in hardness during prolonged aging. A combination of yield strength and conductivity of 820 MPa and 42% IACS, respectively, was achieved in the air-cooled Cu-Ni-Si-Ti alloy after solution treatment.     

Entwicklungen von verschleiß-und korrosionsbeständigen Oberflächensystemen. Development of wear and corrosion resistant surface syatems

Develpoment of wear and corrosion resistant surface systems In this study two methods are described to realize wear and corrosion resistant surface systems: Plasma diffusion treatment (PDT) and Plasma assited CVD (PACVD). Plasma nitriding, Plasma nitrocarburizing and plasma boriding are used to treat different kinds of substrates. The advances of PACVD and the development of low temperature PACVD and industrial applications of these techniques are explained.     

Characterization of wines from grape varieties through multivariate statistical analysis of H NMR spectroscopic data

¹H NMR spectroscopic analysis coupled with multivariate statistical data was used to characterize wines vinified from four grape varieties: Muscat Bailey A (Vitis labrusca), Campbell Early (V. labrusca B.), Kyoho (V. labrusca L.) and Meoru (Vitis coignetiae). Pattern recognition methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), showed clear differentiation between wines made from these grape varieties. Metabolites responsible for the differentiation were identified as 2,3-butanediol, glycerol, malate, citrate, tartrate, succinate, lactate, proline, alanine, choline and trigonelline. The PCA score plot of quantitative analysis of targeted profiling data also showed clear separation between the wines. The highest levels of glycerol, 2,3-butanediol, succinate and alcohol were found in Kyoho wines, suggesting higher sugar content in the Kyoho grape berry compared to other grape varieties. Higher contents of citrate and trigonelline in Muscat Bailey A wines, alanine in Campbell Early wines and proline, malate and choline in Meoru wines demonstrated that the metabolites of the wines vary with the grape variety. This study provides insight into the relationship between grape variety and its wine through global and targeted analysis of ¹H NMR spectral data.     

Effect of Seed Roasting Conditions on the Antioxidant Activity of Defatted Sesame Meal Extracts

ABSTRACT: Antioxidant activities of defatted sesame meal extract increased as the roasting temperature of sesame seed increased, but the maximum antioxidant activity was achieved when the seeds were roasted at 200°C for 60 min. Roasting sesame seeds at 200°C for 60 min significantly increased the total phenolic content, radical scavenging activity (RSA), reducing powers, and antioxidant activity of sesame meal extract; and several low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds such as 2-methoxyphenol, 4-methoxy-3-methylthio-phenol, 5-amino-3-oxo-4-hexenoic acid, 3,4-methylenedioxyphenol (sesamol), 3-hydroxy benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, vanillic acid, filicinic acid, and 3,4-dimethoxy phenol were newly formed in the sesame meal after roasting sesame seeds at 200°C for 60 min. These results indicate that antioxidant activity of defatted sesame meal extracts was significantly affected by roasting temperature and time of sesame seeds.     

Analysis of kimchi microflora using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

A polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technique was used to determine the microfloral composition during the fermentation of kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented vegetable food. The kimchi was fermented at 10 degrees C or 20 degrees C for 30 or 20 days, respectively. DGGE of the partially amplified 16S rDNA was performed and the most intense bands sequenced. The application of this culture-independent molecular technique determined that the lactic acid bacteria Weissella confusa, Leuconostoc citreum, Lactobacillus sakei, and Lactobacillus curvatus were the main microorganisms responsible for kimchi fermentation.     

Correlations between histopathologic and dermoscopic findings in Korean actinic keratosis

Skin biopsy for AK diagnosis is usually performed on only a limited part of the whole lesion. Therefore, a clinical diagnosis is important. According to a study, there is no significant correlation between histopathological and clinical classification system. We examined the correlation between microscopic information and dermoscopic findings to deduce if dermoscopic information reflects histopathologic grade severity. Forty seven patients with histologically confirmed AK were enrolled and positive ratio of red pseudonetwork, rosette, red background and targetoid signs, white‐to‐yellow scale, white structureless area, and pigmentation from dermoscopic findings were investigated. Furthermore, viable epidermal thickness, vessel lumen dimensions, existence and thickness of ortho‐ and parakeratosis, degree of sola elastosis, flag sign existence, and Roewert‐Huber classification were measured as histologic findings. Red background did not show a significant correlation with vascular dimension or viable epidermal thickness. When targetoid sign was present, vascular dimension was significantly larger but showed no correlation with viable epidermal thickness, parakeratosis or orthokeratosis. Solar elastosis level was significantly higher when white‐to‐yellow scale was present. According to Spearman's correlation analysis, ortho/parakeratotic thickness showed correlations with each other. The negative correlation between viable epidermal thickness and vascular dimension was also shown. Roewert‐Huber histologic AK classification showed no correlation with any factors we checked. Factors considered to be characteristic features of AK in dermoscopy seemed unassociated with histologic AK classification and additional research is needed to determine degree of dysplasia of AK lesions using dermoscopy.     

Enhanced antimicrobial activity of nisin-loaded liposomal nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens

This study was designed to evaluate the prolonged antimicrobial stability of nisin-loaded liposome (LipoN) nanoparticles against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The sizes of bare liposomes and LipoN were uniformly distributed between 114 and 125 nm. The nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed in water with less than 0.2 of polydispersity index. The zeta potential value of LipoN was +17.1 mV due to the positive charged nisin, attaining 70% of loading efficiency. The minimum inhibitory concentration of LipoN against L. monocytogenes and S. aureus was 320 international unit/mL. The LipoN significantly enhanced the antimicrobial stability in brain heart infusion agar compared to free nisin. The numbers of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus exposed to LipoN were effectively reduced by more than 6 log colony-forming unit/mL after 48 and 72 h of incubation, respectively. These results provide useful information for the development of antimicrobial delivery system to improve food safety.