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21.
Masayuki Nogami Akihiko Koiwai Takamasa Nonaka 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2016,99(4):1248-1254
Glasses doped with well‐controlled Eu3+ and Eu2+ ions have attracted considerable interest due to the possibility of tuning the wavelength range of the emitted light from violet to red by using their 5D0→7Fj and 5d–4f electron transitions. Glasses were prepared to dope Eu3+ ions in a Na2O–Al2O3–SiO2 system, and the changes in the valence state of Eu3+ ions and the glass structure surrounding the Eu atoms during heating under H2 atmosphere were investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption fine‐structure spectroscopy, and 27Al magic‐angle spinning solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The reduction behavior of Eu3+ ions was dependent on the Al/Na molar ratio of the glass. For Al/Na < 1, the Al3+ ions formed the AlO4 network structure accompanied by the Na+ ions as charge compensators; the Eu3+ ions occupied the interstitial positions in the SiO4 network structure and were not reduced even under heating in H2 gas. On the other hand, in the glasses containing Al2O3 with the Al/Na ratio exceeding unity, the Eu3+ ions commenced to be coordinated by the AlO4 units in addition to the SiO4 network structure. When heated in H2 gas, H2 gas molecules reacted with the AlO4 units surrounding Eu3+ ions to form AlO6 units terminated with OH bonds, and reduced Eu3+ ions to Eu2+ via the extracted electrons. 相似文献
22.
Resins containing phosphonium groups were prepared by reaction of chlorohydroxylated glycidylmethacrylate–divinylbenzene macroreticular resins with three trialkylphosphines. Triethylphosphine, tributylphosphine, and trioctylphosphine were used as trialkylphosphines. Adsorption and elution behavior of sodium benzenesulfonate (SBS) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) on the resins were studied. Adsorption of SBS and SDBS increased with increasing the alkyl chain length of phosphonium groups in the resins. The adsorption of SBS decreased with increasing ionic strength of the solution, while the adsorption of SDBS increased with increasing ionic strength of the solution. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 371–378, 1999 相似文献
23.
24.
R Niimi K Shimamoto A Sawaki T Ishigaki Y Takahashi N Sugiyama E Nishihara 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,10(4):147-151
This study evaluated the effectiveness of three kinds of display methods for magnetic resonance (MR) image interpretation using an eye-tracking device. Seven radiologists interpreted head MR studies by using a single monitor (17-inch, 1,024 X 1,280 bit) in the 4 images/screen display format. Three paging modes were compared: (A) rapid paging only, (B) multiple image series display at the same slice position with consecutive rapid paging, and (C) simultaneous display of multiple series with each image series being browsed independently. Using an eye-mark camera, the radiologist's point of fixation and the duration of fixation were recorded during actual image interpretation. In mode A, the duration of fixation was short, and the points of fixation were distributed randomly over the visual field. In mode B, the points of fixation were clustered chiefly on a specific image series. In mode C, the points of fixation were not clustered on a specified series, but the duration of viewing the T2 series was relatively long. The total tracing area in mode B and C was smaller than that in mode A. Multiple series display, in which selected key series of slices could be viewed effectively, was found to be suitable for MR image interpretation. 相似文献
25.
Hajime Haneda Isao Sakaguchi Akio Watanabe Takamasa Ishigaki Junzo Tanaka 《Journal of Electroceramics》1999,4(1):41-48
18O diffusion coefficients were measured in zinc oxide ceramics using a secondary ion mass spectrometer. The results are interpreted as indicating extrinsic behavior. The values of the lattice diffusion coefficients with higher valence dopants compared with zinc ions are greater than lower valence dopant such as lithium ions. Using the data at deeper depth, the grain boundary diffusivity of oxide ions was also evaluated. Although the lattice diffusion coefficients varied by two orders of magnitude, the products of grain boundary width and grain boundary diffusion coefficient were less sensitive to the type of dopants. 相似文献
26.
A Study was made on certain properties of the cation-exchange membranes obtained by the preirradiation grafting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene (TFS) noto poly(ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE), followed by sulfonation and hydrolysis of the grafted film. Swelling, water uptake, electric conductivity, and transport number of the membranes were measured as a function of ino-exchange capacity. Thermal and chemical stability were also investigated. These properties were found to be mainly dependent on ion-exchange capacity. The stable membrane properties were established due to a homogeneous ion-exchange group distribution in the membrane, as confirmed by x-ray imcroscopy analysis of the membrane cross sections. In addition, the membranes showed good electrochemical, thermal, and chemical properties, and were found to be scceptable for practical use as cation-exchange membranes. 相似文献
27.
It has been considered that the contribution of the vapor-phase reaction (VPR) to the global three-phase reaction rate may become much lower as the catalyst effectiveness factor approaches unity. In this study, the hydrogenation of 1-methylnaphthalene was performed as an example of slow reactions using a laboratory-scale trickle-bed reactor (TBR) at 583 K, 8.0 MPa. It was qualitatively confirmed that VPR contributed to the product yields in TBR even in this slow reaction system when the liquid velocity was low and the volatility of the liquid was high. Langmuir–Hinshelwood type kinetic equations were established for the vapor-phase reaction. The product yields in TBR neither be explained by liquid- vapor-phase kinetics without external effects, nor the conventional partial wetting model. Therefore, a partial wetting model considering the contribution of VPR was proposed where the catalyst bed composed of externally partial and internally complete wet particles, and completely dry particles was assumed. Using this model, the product yields in TBR were suitably explained. 相似文献
28.
Kenji Iwase Kazuhiro Mori Akinori Hoshikawa Toru Ishigaki 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2012
The crystal structure and hydrogenation properties of Ce2Ni7-type Gd2Ni7 were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the hydrogen pressure–composition (P–C) isotherm. Ce2Ni7-type Gd2Ni7 was obtained by annealing at 1523 K for 12 h and quenching in ice water. Two superlattice reflections (002 and 004) of the Ce2Ni7-type were clearly observed at 2θ = 7.3° and 14.6° in the XRD profile. The refined lattice parameters were a = 0.49662(9) nm and c = 2.4255(3) nm, respectively. Two plateaus were clearly observed during the absorption–desorption process in the P–C isotherm. The first and second plateaus were at 0.015 and 0.13 MPa, respectively, in the first desorption. The maximum hydrogen capacity reached was 1.13 H/M. The enthalpy and entropy were calculated as −20 kJ/mol H2 and −80 J/mol H2 K, respectively, from the van’t Hoff plot. After the P–C isotherm, the GdNi5 cell expanded by 2.15%, but the Gd2Ni4 cell shrank by 2.83%. 相似文献
29.
Reaction and Formation of Crystalline Silicon Oxynitride in Si–O–N Systems under Solid High Pressure
Ya-Li Li Fen Zheng Yong Liang Xian-Feng Ma Suo-Jing Cui Takamasa Ishigaki 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2001,84(4):875-877
Oxidized amorphous Si3 N4 and SiO2 powders were pressed alone or as a mixture under high pressure (1.0–5.0 GPa) at high temperatures (800–1700°C). Formation of crystalline silicon oxynitride (Si2 ON2 ) was observed from amorphous silicon nitride (Si3 N4 ) powders containing 5.8 wt% oxygen at 1.0 GPa and 1400°C. The Si2 ON2 coexisted with β-Si3 N4 with a weight fraction of 40 wt%, suggesting that all oxygen in the powders participated in the reaction to form Si2 ON2 . Pressing a mixture of amorphous Si3 N4 of lower oxygen (1.5 wt%) and SiO2 under 1.0–5.0 GPa between 1000° and 1350°C did not give Si2 ON2 phase, but yielded a mixture of α,β-Si3 N4 , quartz, and coesite (a high-pressure form of SiO2 ). The formation of Si2 ON2 from oxidized amorphous Si3 N4 seemed to be assisted by formation of a Si–O–N melt in the system that was enhanced under the high pressure. 相似文献
30.
Automated detection of pulmonary nodules in helical CT images based on an improved template-matching technique 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
The purpose of this study is to develop a technique for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems to detect lung nodules in helical X-ray pulmonary computed tomography CT) images. We propose a novel template-matching technique based on a genetic algorithm (GA) template matching (GATM) for detecting nodules existing within the lung area; the GA was used to determine the target position in the observed image efficiently and to select an adequate template image from several reference patterns for quick template matching. In addition, a conventional template matching was employed to detect nodules existing on the lung wall area, lung wall template matching (LWTM), where semicircular models were used as reference patterns; the semicircular models were rotated according to the angle of the target point on the contour of the lung wall. After initial detecting candidates using the two template-matching methods, we extracted a total of 13 feature values and used them to eliminate false-positive findings. Twenty clinical cases involving a total of 557 sectional images were used in this study. 71 nodules out of 98 were correctly detected by our scheme (i.e., a detection rate of about 72%), with the number of false positives at approximately 1.1/sectional image. Our present results show that our scheme can be regarded as a technique for CAD systems to detect nodules in helical CT pulmonary images. 相似文献