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21.
Takamasa Ishigaki Ya-Li Li Eiji Kataoka 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2003,86(9):1456-1463
The phase formation and microstructure of titanium oxides and composites produced by Ar–O2 thermal plasma oxidation of titanium carbide powders were investigated in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Relationships between the phase compositions and microstructures of the oxides were established by combined structural and phase analyses, in correlation with synthesis conditions and phase formation mechanisms. It is revealed that vapor condensation favored the formation of anatase, which existed as smaller particles, while liquid/solid oxidation favored the formation of rutile, which appeared as larger particles or composites. A higher oxygen input in the plasma gases (Ar + O2 ) enhanced the formation of anatase due to impeded oxidation and evaporation. A small amount of Ti4 O7 and Ti3 O5 was detected in the larger particles coexisting with rutile or TiC. These suboxides were formed as intermediates in solid oxidation of TiC or precipitated from the Ti–C–O melt during cooling. Furthermore, extensive cracks, dislocations and stresses were observed in the monolithic rutile and composites, in association with the rapid quenching in this high-temperature in-flight oxidation process. 相似文献
22.
In order to develop an energy-saving copper recycling process from wastes, electrochemical measurements were conducted in ammoniacal alkaline solutions containing Cu(I) ions and an ammonium salt of sulfate, chloride or nitrate. The results of each system were then compared. The polarization measurements suggested that the voltage required for the electrode process is lower in the chloride and nitrate systems than that in the sulfate system. The cathode current efficiency during the copper electrodeposition varied from 39 to 97% and increased with current density in the chloride and sulfate systems. In the nitrate system, the lowest cathode current efficiency of 30% was observed because of nitrate ion reduction. Based on these results, the power consumption required for the electrowinning stage of the copper recycling process was calculated. Among these three systems, the chloride system showed the lowest power consumption of 500 kWh t−1 at the current density of 200 A m−2, which is about 25% of the conventional copper electrowinning process from a copper sulfate-sulfuric acid solution. 相似文献
23.
Mathematical models of neurons are widely used to improve understanding of neuronal spiking behavior. These models can produce artificial spike trains that resemble actual spike train data in important ways, but they are not very easy to apply to the analysis of spike train data. Instead, statistical methods based on point process models of spike trains provide a wide range of data-analytical techniques. Two simplified point process models have been introduced in the literature: the time-rescaled renewal process (TRRP) and the multiplicative inhomogeneous Markov interval (m-IMI) model. In this letter we investigate the extent to which the TRRP and m-IMI models are able to fit spike trains produced by stimulus-driven leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons. With a constant stimulus, the LIF spike train is a renewal process, and the m-IMI and TRRP models will describe accurately the LIF spike train variability. With a time-varying stimulus, the probability of spiking under all three of these models depends on both the experimental clock time relative to the stimulus and the time since the previous spike, but it does so differently for the LIF, m-IMI, and TRRP models. We assessed the distance between the LIF model and each of the two empirical models in the presence of a time-varying stimulus. We found that while lack of fit of a Poisson model to LIF spike train data can be evident even in small samples, the m-IMI and TRRP models tend to fit well, and much larger samples are required before there is statistical evidence of lack of fit of the m-IMI or TRRP models. We also found that when the mean of the stimulus varies across time, the m-IMI model provides a better fit to the LIF data than the TRRP, and when the variance of the stimulus varies across time, the TRRP provides the better fit. 相似文献
24.
We cloned mouse LOX-1 cDNA to take advantage of a gene-targeting technique to clarify the role of LOX-1 in vivo. Mouse LOX-1 was composed of 363 amino acids and had a C-type lectin domain type II membrane protein structure. Mouse LOX-1 had triple repeats of the sequence in the extracellular "Neck domain," which is unlike human and bovine LOX-1. LOX-1 bound oxidized LDL with two classes of binding affinity in the presence of serum. The binding component with the higher affinity showed the lowest value of Kd among the known receptors for oxidized LDL. In the absence of serum, the high affinity component disappeared, suggesting that an unknown co-factor in serum is essential for efficient uptake of oxidized LDL by endothelial cells. A low concentration of unlabeled oxidized LDL displaced 125I-labeled oxidized LDL more efficiently in the presence of serum than in the absence of serum. The co-factor in the serum may be involved in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in addition to the oxidation of LDL. 相似文献
25.
Morihiro Nakamura Yuki Koyama Daisuke Sakamoto Takeo Igarashi 《Computer Graphics Forum》2016,35(7):323-332
We present an interactive design system for designing free‐formed bamboo‐copters, where novices can easily design free‐formed, even asymmetric bamboo‐copters that successfully fly. The designed bamboo‐copters can be fabricated using digital fabrication equipment, such as a laser cutter. Our system provides two useful functions for facilitating this design activity. First, it visualizes a simulated flight trajectory of the current bamboo‐copter design, which is updated in real time during the user's editing. Second, it provides an optimization function that automatically tweaks the current bamboo‐copter design such that the spin quality—how stably it spins—and the flight quality—how high and long it flies—are enhanced. To enable these functions, we present non‐trivial extensions over existing techniques for designing free‐formed model airplanes [ UKSI14 ], including a wing discretization method tailored to free‐formed bamboo‐copters and an optimization scheme for achieving stable bamboo‐copters considering both spin and flight qualities. 相似文献
26.
Leonard Barolli Akio Koyama Arjan Durresi Giuseppe De Marco 《Information Systems Frontiers》2006,8(4):297-306
Due to the opportunities provided by the Internet, more and more people are taking advantage of distance learning courses
and during the last few years enormous research efforts have been dedicated to the development of distance learning systems.
So far, many e-learning systems are proposed and used practically. However, in these systems the e-learning completion rate
is about 30%. One of the reasons is the low study desire when the learner studies the learning materials. In this research,
we propose an interactive Web-based e-learning system. The purpose of our system is to increase the e-learning completion
rate by stimulating learner’s motivation. The proposed system has three subsystems: the learning subsystem, learner support
subsystem, and teacher support subsystem. The learning subsystem improves the learner’s study desire. The learner support
subsystem supports the learner during the study, and the teacher support subsystem supports the teacher to get the learner’s
study state. To evaluate the proposed system, we developed several experiments and surveys. By using new features such as:
display of learner’s study history, change of interface color, encourage function, ranking function, self-determination of
the study materials, and grouping of learners, the proposed system can increase the learning efficiency.
相似文献
Giuseppe De MarcoEmail: |
27.
Noriaki Murakami Koji Arafune Tadanobu Koyama Yoshimi Momose Tetsuo Ozawa Yasunori Okano Sadik Dost Le. H. Dao Masashi Kumagawa Yasuhiro Hayakawa 《Microgravity science and technology》2005,16(1-4):79-83
The effect of gravity on dissolution of GaSb in InSb melt and growth of InGaSb was experimentally investigated. Experiments were carried out in a GaSb(seed)/InSb/GaSb(feed) sandwich system under an imposed temperature gradient. In the experiments, the GaSb feed crystal dissolved into the InSb melt to supply the required GaSb component for the growth of In0.1Ga0.9Sb crystal. Two parameters were considered: (1) the inclination angle (θ) of the sample for gravity as 0° and 53°, and (2) the sample diameter (D) as 9 mm and 5mm. When θ was 0°, the interface was almost flat, indicating that convection was axisymmetric and stable. Whereas the interface was distorted towards gravitational direction when θ was 53°, indicating that solutal convection was dominant. The decrease of growth temperature and sample diameter reduced the distortion of interface and the dissolution amount of GaSb feed. The homogeneous crystals were grown at the initial growth stage by supplying the GaSb component during growth. 相似文献
28.
The relationship between the impulse breakdown voltage of vacuum gaps and electrode surface roughness was investigated for the purpose of controlling the surface roughness on HV conductors. The roughness of mechanically polished Cu and Cu-Cr electrodes was measured with a roughness meter, and the relationship between the breakdown voltage and surface roughness was obtained for plate-to-plate gaps. The discharge-conditioning effect increased with reduction in the surface roughness. The breakdown voltage depended not only on the roughness of the cathode but also on the anode surfaces. Reducing the surface roughness was found not to be an effective way to increase the breakdown voltage for non-uniform field gaps after discharge conditioning. 相似文献
29.
30.
Masayuki Nogami Akihiko Koiwai Takamasa Nonaka 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2016,99(4):1248-1254
Glasses doped with well‐controlled Eu3+ and Eu2+ ions have attracted considerable interest due to the possibility of tuning the wavelength range of the emitted light from violet to red by using their 5D0→7Fj and 5d–4f electron transitions. Glasses were prepared to dope Eu3+ ions in a Na2O–Al2O3–SiO2 system, and the changes in the valence state of Eu3+ ions and the glass structure surrounding the Eu atoms during heating under H2 atmosphere were investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption fine‐structure spectroscopy, and 27Al magic‐angle spinning solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The reduction behavior of Eu3+ ions was dependent on the Al/Na molar ratio of the glass. For Al/Na < 1, the Al3+ ions formed the AlO4 network structure accompanied by the Na+ ions as charge compensators; the Eu3+ ions occupied the interstitial positions in the SiO4 network structure and were not reduced even under heating in H2 gas. On the other hand, in the glasses containing Al2O3 with the Al/Na ratio exceeding unity, the Eu3+ ions commenced to be coordinated by the AlO4 units in addition to the SiO4 network structure. When heated in H2 gas, H2 gas molecules reacted with the AlO4 units surrounding Eu3+ ions to form AlO6 units terminated with OH bonds, and reduced Eu3+ ions to Eu2+ via the extracted electrons. 相似文献