Cylindrical linear pulse motor with interior permanent magnet mover

The advantages of the conventional cylindrical linear pulse motor (C-LPM), which has a ring permanent magnet between the A- and B-phase stators, are its simple magnet shape and small motor diameter; the disadvantages are the thrust imbalance resulting from the magnetic flux path of the outer poles being longer than that of the inner poles. This thrust imbalance decreases the pull-in thrust and increases the positioning error. In this paper, a new C-LPM with an interior permanent magnet mover which reduces this thrust imbalance is proposed. Steady and dynamic thrust are also examined and a magnetic equivalent circuit is discussed. It is shown that a C-LPM with an interior permanent magnet mover effectively improves the thrust imbalance and the dynamic thrust     

Wide-speed operation of interior permanent magnet synchronousmotors with high-performance current regulator

Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors can be applied to applications requiring wide-speed operation. The current vector control algorithm of an interior permanent magnet synchronous (IPM) motor for constant power operation over the base speed is proposed. As the available voltage controlling the armature current vector is small in the flux-weakening constant power region, the current vector sometimes becomes uncontrollable in transient operations because of the current regulator saturation. The high-performance current regulator is also proposed to improve the current responses in the flux-weakening region, which includes the decoupling current controller and the voltage command compensator. The control performances are confirmed by several drive tests with respect to the prototype IPM motor     

电子装置内的热移动研究——温度分布及速度分布

在高60cm,宽45cm 的模拟电子装置内,进行装置内热移动研究,得到不同条件下的温度分布及速度分布.在理论解析及数值计算基础上,进行无因次准数关联,得出实验式.实验结果及解析结果基本一致.利用所得实验式对正在运转或有待开发的新的电子装置有关参数进行推算,对于传热设计具有很强的实用性.     

Two-wavelength laser diode interferometer with time-sharing sinusoidal phase modulation

We describe an interferometer system that uses two separate wavelengths to measure step height. The overlapping interference images detected by a CCD camera are easily separated by an ordinary integrating-bucket method and time-sharing sinusoidal phase modulation, in which two laser diodes are alternately modulated with a sinusoidal signal. A phase map is obtained only for the laser diode into which the modulation signal is injected. In this instance, a 1-microm step height was accurately detected.     

Surface modification of an organosilane self-assembled monolayer on silicon substrates using atomic force microscopy: scanning probe electrochemistry toward nanolithography

Organosilane self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been applied to resist materials for nanolithography based on scanning probe microscopy. An organosilane SAM was prepared on Si substrates from a precursor, that is octadecyltrimethoxysilane. Using an atomic force microscope with a conductive probe, current was injected from the probe into the SAM-covered Si substrate so that the SAM was locally degraded at the probe-contacting point. Nanoscale patterns drawn on the SAM was clearly imaged by lateral force microscopy. The patterning could be conducted in air while, in vacuum at the order of 10(-6) Torr, no detectable patterns were fabricated. The presence of adsorbed water at the probe/sample junction was confirmed to be crucial for the patterning of the SAM/Si. Its mechanism was, thus, ascribed to electrochemical reactions of both the SAM and Si with adsorbed water.     

Fast incremental learning methods inspired by biological learning behavior

Model-based learning systems such as neural networks usually “forget” learned skills due to incremental learning of new instances. This is because the modification of a parameter interferes with old memories. Therefore, to avoid forgetting, incremental learning processes in these learning systems must include relearning of old instances. The relearning process, however, is time-consuming. We present two types of incremental learning method designed to achieve quick adaptation with low resources. One approach is to use a sleep phase to provide time for learning. The other one involves a “meta-learning module” that acquires learning skills through experience. The system carries out “reactive modification” of parameters not only to memorize new instances, but also to avoid forgetting old memories using a meta-learning module.This work was presented, in part, at the 9th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 28–30, 2004     

Thermodynamics of iron oxide in Fe x O-dilute CaO + Al2O3 + MgO + Fe x O slags at 1873 K

In order to determine the ferrous and ferric ion capacities: 3

Rabies virus quasispecies: implications for pathogenesis

Passage of the mouse-adapted rabies virus strain CVS-24 (where CVS is challenge virus standard) in BHK cells results in the rapid selection of a dominant variant designated CVS-B2c that differs genotypically and phenotypically from the dominant variant CVS-N2c present in mouse-brain- or neuroblastoma-cell-passaged CVS-24. The glycoprotein of CVS-B2c has 10 amino acid substitutions compared with that of CVS-N2c. Because CVS-B2c can be reproducibly selected in BHK cells, it is likely to be a conserved minor subpopulation of CVS-24. CVS-N2c is more neurotropic in vitro and in vivo than CVS-B2c, which replicates more readily in nonneuronal cells in vitro and in vivo. These characteristics appear to be relevant to the pathogenicity of the two variants. CVS-N2c is more pathogenic for adult mice than CVS-B2c. In contrast, CVS-B2c is more pathogenic for neonatal mice. These differences in pathogenicity are reflected in the selection pattern when mixtures of CVS-N2c and CVS-B2c were used to infect neonatal and adult mice. Although CVS-N2c was highly selected in adult mice, no selection for either variant was seen in neonates, suggesting that certain aspects of development, such as maturation of the nervous and immune systems, may contribute to the selection process. We speculate that the existence of different variants within a rabies virus strain may facilitate the virus in overcoming barriers to its spread, both within the host and between species.     

Endothelin-1 secretion from cultured vascular endothelial cells of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats

The profile of endothelin-1 (ET-1) release from cultured vascular endothelial cells (ECs) obtained from deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats, was examined and compared with that from normotensive sham rats. ET-1 release from ECs was increased in a time-dependent manner, and the level of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats was higher than that of sham rats. Incubation of ECs with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 or thrombin resulted in a significant increase in the ET-1 release, while FK409, a novel nitric oxide donor, produced a dose-dependent decrease in the release. In the case of ECs from DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, the potencies of TGF-beta 1- or thrombin-induced action was much less than that seen with sham rats, while the difference of reactivity to FK409 was not observed between ECs of DOCA-salt rats and sham rats. Thus, ET-1 production in ECs appears to be up-regulated in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. In addition, there seems to be an abnormalities in the signaling pathway via TGF-beta 1- or thrombin-induced enhancement of ET-1 production in ECs of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.