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31.
32.
Summary Spontaneous copolymerizations of cyclic acyl phosphonite (SPO) and phosphite (SPI) with an electron-deficient vinyl monomer
such as methyl acrylate (MA), methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), and acrolein (AL), gave the corresponding alternating copolymers.
These copolymerizations took place without added initiator and proceeded through zwitterion intermediates. Copolymer structures
1a, 1b, 2 and 3 have been established, all of which were derived in a regiospecific manner of ambident anions. The scheme of the copolymerizations
is presented. 相似文献
33.
Summary The ring-opening polymerization of 2-phenyl-1,3,-6,2-trioxaphosphocane (4), an eight-membered cyclic phosphonite, has been investigated. Cationic initiators of PhCH2-Cl and MeOTf gave polymers, whereas anionic and radical initiators did not yield polymer. The structure of polymer was examined by IR, 1H, 31P, and 31C NMR spectroscopy of polymers and elemental analysis as well as the alkaline hydrolysis products. The polymer consisted of two different units, i.e., the major part is the normal phosphinate structure 5 and the minor part is the isomerized unit 6 in 7% with PhCH2Cl initiation and in 34% with MeOTf initiator. The difference in nature of propagating species from these two initiators are discussed in connection with their reactivities.On leave from the Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China 相似文献
34.
The absorption of dilute CO2 into aqueous solutions of sterically hindered 2-methyl aminoethanol (MAE) and the desorption of CO2 from CO2-loaded MAE solutions into N2 stream were investigated separately for the various combinations of operational variables, using a hydrophobic microporous hollow fiber (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE) contained gas-liquid contactor with aqueous solutions of MAE as liquid media in the shell side at 30°C. The absorption of CO2 in this contactor is governed by resistance in the liquid and hollow fiber phases. The resistance to diffusion in the hollow fiber phase amounts to 76-80% of the total resistance. Nevertheless, the absorption rates of CO2 into aqueous MAE solutions in this contactor are higher than those into aqueous solutions of sterically hindered 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) in the stirred tank with a plane unbroken gas-liquid interface. The process of desorption of CO2 from CO2-loaded MAE solutions can be regarded as being controlled by diffusion and chemical reaction in both the stagnant film of the liquid phase and the liquid-filled pore of the hollow fiber phase under the slow or intermediate reaction regime. Both absorption and desorption rates under the simultaneous absorption-desorption operation in a single unit tend to approach the respective constant values as process time elapses. The total absorption rate here seems to be almost balanced with the total desorpion rate at the constant mass transfer rate periods. 相似文献
35.
Copoly(amide-ethers) containing two types of tertiary amine units were made as antistatic modifiers for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers. The filaments of the copolymers were melt-spun and reacted with three alkylating agents in order to quaternize the tertiary amine into a sulfo-betaine, a carbobetaine, and an ammonium ion. The apparent electric resistivity of the filaments was greatly reduced by this reaction, being in the range of 106 to 108 Ω/cm. However, because these quaternized copolymers incurred decomposition during blend spinning with PET, a blend PET fiber containing one type of copoly(amide-ether) was melt-spun and subjected to quaternization of the amino groups as well as to surface crosslinking with various alkylating and epoxy agents. The quaternized blend fibers obtained showed improved antistatic properties compared with the original blend fiber. Particularly, the fibers crosslinked with epoxy compounds were found to have the best antistatic properties that had ever been attained with this type of modification. The antistatic properties were retained even after dyeing, because both hydrophilic and ionic groups had been effectively immobilized on the surface. Since this quaternization and crosslinking could be conducted on-line with spinning and drawing within a short reaction time, this modification technique is called “spin-finishing method”, which should be superior to the conventional methods in terms of cost performance and productivity. 相似文献
36.
Summary A binary system of a palladium complex as catalyst and zinc alkoxide as initiator conducted a novel ring-opening polymerization of cyclic carbonate, i. e., 5,5-dimethyl-4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one. The polymerization proceeded along with releasing carbon dioxide to produce the corresponding polyether. The -allylpalladium complex generated from the monomer with the catalyst is the key intermediate for this new polymerization. The propagating end is zinc alkoxide, which nucleophilically attacks the monomer activated as the -allylpalladium complex in the propagation. 相似文献
37.
Summary The synthesis of poly(-thiophenediyl)benzylidene (PTB) with high molecular weight is described. Number-average degrees of polymerization reached about 74. The characterizations of the polymer was investigated by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, and UV-VIS spectra. The polymer with well-defined structure and high molecular weight was obtained by polymerization at low temperature and in polar solvent. This polymer was thermally stable and a thermal decomposition took place at 391°C under nitrogen and at 370°C under air. The glass transformation temperature was 117°C and this PTB was nonfusible. 相似文献
38.
Koji Tsukuma Kuniyoshi Ueda Masahiko Shimada 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1985,68(1):4-C-5
Composites of Al2 O3 and Y2 O3 partially-stabilized ZrO2 were isostatically hot-pressed using submicrometer powders as the starting material. The addition of Al2 O3 resulted in a large increase in bending strength. The average bending strength for a composite containing 20 wt% Al2 O3 was 2400 MPa, and its fracture toughness was 17 MN·w−3/2 相似文献
39.
Crystals of ethyl p-chloro α-cyano-β-methyl-cis-cinnamate, C13H12NO2Cl, are orthorhombic, space group Pbcn, with eight molecules per unit cell, a = 17.31, b = 8.68 and c = 17.20 Å. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined subsequently by Fourier techniques. The benzene ring makes a dihedral angle of 60.0° with the ethylenic group. This suggests significant steric effects of the β-methyl group and of the carbonyl group on the orientation of the benzene ring. The conformation of the ethylene bond and the carbonyl group around the Cα? C bond is roughly cisoid and the angle of twist is 16.5°. Nearest-neighbour >C = C <groups make contact across a two-fold axis at a center-to-center distance of 4.33 Å. 相似文献
40.
The electron-microscopic visualization of acrylic rubber dispersed in a heterogeneous structural resin composition consisting of a rubber-modified two-phase plastic comprising essentially a butyl acrylate rubber phase and an acrylonitrile–styrene copolymer phase, respectively, has been accomplished. This procedure consists of the following: The molded resin specimen is treated with hydrazine hydrate solution to produce the acrylic acid hydrazides. Allow the treated specimen to soak in osmium tetroxide solution. The acrylic rubber may be indirectly fixed and stained. Some micrographs of ultrathin sections of two or three resin compositions, cut by an ultramicrotome, are presented. 相似文献