Single-Component Pheromone Consisting of Bombykal in a Diurnal Hawk Moth, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Neogurelca himachala sangaica</Emphasis>

Recent work has suggested that hawk moths share pheromone components but are sexually separated by qualitative and quantitative differences in their pheromone blends. During field assays on the sex pheromones of other species, a diurnal hawk moth, Neogurelca himachala sangaica (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), was frequently captured, but the composition of the sex pheromone of this species was not known. Analysis of hexane extracts of the pheromone glands of calling female by gas chromatography (GC) using an electroantennographic detector (EAD) revealed two components that elicited EAD responses from male moth antennae. These components were identified by their mass spectra and retention indices on two GC columns as (10E,12Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal (E10,Z12–16:Ald) and a trace of its (10E,12E)-isomer (E10,E12–16:Ald) in 98:2 ratio. In field experiments, E10,Z12–16:Ald alone attracted male moths, and addition of E10,E12–16:Ald significantly reduced the attractiveness, even at the naturally-occurring ratio. Analysis of the data using a generalized linear mixed model showed that E10,Z12–16:Ald positively contributed to attractiveness, whereas E10,E12–16:Ald did so negatively, and it was concluded that the sex pheromone of N. himachala sangaica consists solely of E10,Z12–16:Ald, bombykal. The negative effect of E10,E12–16:Ald on attractiveness could promote the species-specificity of this single-component pheromone system.     

Research on some basic deformations in free forging with robot and servo-press

Due to the disadvantages in casting or hot forging of Ti alloy artificial bones, such as low strength and high energy cost, this paper prompted an alternative method to manufacture individuated artificial bones. Free forging with a 6-axis freedom robot and servo-press could be very economical in the forming of complex shape parts because of its high flexibility and simple die-setting. Based on this system, the authors studied deformations of some basic elements, which could be assembled to artificial bones with complex shape. Firstly, the compression limit and effect of compression parameters on the roundness during reducing diameter process were declared for Al alloy and pure Ti. Secondly, an approximate theoretical equation of bending angle or curvature radius was proposed, and it matches experimental results well. Finally, a dimension prediction equation was presented by considering effect of material anisotropy, and then the ladder part without width spread was manufactured accordingly.     

Improved Filtration Performance of Continuous Alumina-fiber-reinforced Mullite Composites for Hot-Gas Cleaning

The effect of filtration layer morphology on filtration performance at 673 K was investigated for continuous alumina-fiber-reinforced mullite composite filters that capture fly ash on their outer surfaces. Two types of filtration layers were prepared on the outer surfaces: a mono-layer consisting of mullite agglomerated particulates and a bi-layer, with mullite whiskers formed by a vapor-phase reaction and strongly adhered to the particulates exposed on the outer surfaces. For filters with mono-filtration layers, the filtration efficiency was improved slightly by increasing the filtration layer thickness. However, the maximum differential pressure increased during the filtration tests. Adhesion of whiskers to the outer surface decreased the maximum differential pressure to about one-third less than that with the mono-filtration layer. This low differential pressure remained constant throughout the duration of the test, with corresponding increases in filtration efficiency.     

Single molecule fluorescence autocorrelation measurement on anisotropic molecular diffusion in nematic liquid crystal

Diffusion kinetics of three dyes in nematic liquid crystals are studied with single-molecule fluorescence autocorrelation spectroscopy. Markedly large anisotropy was observed in the diffusion coefficient and structure of diffusion molecules showed no marked effect on the anisotropy.     

A novel MOSFET with vertical signal‐transfer capability for 3D‐structured CMOS image sensors

We have developed a novel MOSFET that can transfer signals vertically without through‐silicon vias but by using a fully depleted silicon‐on‐insulator (FDSOI) structure with its source region connected to the back electrodes as well as the front ones. A prototype MOSFET fabricated using the backside anisotropic wet etching technique has confirmed that the electrical characteristics measured from the front and the back electrodes are identical. The subthreshold factor S of the prototype was found to be 64.5 mV/decade, suggesting a good switching performance. Since the double‐sided MOSFET has vertical signal‐transfer capability and excellent operating characteristics, it is expected to contribute to developing a More‐than‐Moore type device of three‐dimensional integration such as pixel‐parallel image sensors. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Chemical Factors Underlying the More Rapid β-O-4 Bond Cleavage of Syringyl than Guaiacyl Lignin under Alkaline Delignification Conditions

This study aimed to clarify why the β-O-4 bond cleavage of syringyl lignin is more rapid than that of guaiacyl lignin under alkaline pulping conditions. We examined whether or not three chemical factors, acidity of the α-hydroxy group, nucleophilicity of the generated α-alkoxide, and leaving ability of the leaving phenoxide, are different between syringyl and guaiacyl lignins and control the rate of the alkaline-induced β-O-4 bond cleavage, employing dimeric non-phenolic β-O-4-type lignin model compounds (LMCs) and novel methods for estimating these three factors. The results indicated that the α-hydroxy groups of syringyl-type LMCs are relatively more acidic than those of guaiacyl-type and that syringyl nucleus is a better leaving group than guaiacyl nucleus in the β-O-4 bond cleavage. These factors result in the β-O-4 bond of syringyl lignin being more prone to the alkaline-induced cleavage than that of guaiacyl lignin.     

Repeatedly foldable AMOLED display

In this study, a 5.9‐inch foldable active‐matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display was developed. A folding test was performed repeatedly. The display survived the folding test (100,000 folds) with a curvature radius of 2 mm. To protect an organic light emitting diode (OLED) against moisture, inorganic passivation layers are provided on the upper and lower sides of the flexible display. Using our transfer technology, high density passivation layers can be obtained. The measured water vapor transmission rate of the layer is 7 × 10^?6 g/m²?day or less, which improves OLED reliability. With these techniques, we have developed a book‐type display, which is repeatedly foldable like a book, and a tri‐fold display including a display area, which is foldable in three.