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排序方式: 共有1046条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Recently, many channelized rivers tend to be heavily vegetated due to regime shifts in hydrological, fluvial and ecological processes. Dense vegetation in a river frequently obstructs a flood flow and reduces conveyance capacity of channels. On the other hand, river vegetation provides various ecological services such as habitats for various species and life, natural cycle of organic and inorganic substances, etc.. It is of engineering importance to understand vegetation hydrodynamics in order to preserve vegetation nature and keep a certain level of flow conveyance capacity. In view that willows tend to be densely vegetated along the shoreline of floodplains or sandbars, a field measurement, a physical model experiment and a numerical analysis were carried out for investigating hydrodynamics in an open channel with riparian vegetation. Discussion was made focusing on flow and shear layer structures developed around the vegetation canopy. 相似文献
42.
Takashi Matsumura Fumio Iida Takuya Hirose Masahiko Yoshino 《Journal of Materials Processing Technology》2012,212(12):2669-2677
A micro fabrication is presented to manufacture hydrophobic surfaces with micro-scale structures. Hydrophobicity is controlled with the shape and the alignment of micro pillars in the structure. The structures are manufactured in large areas at high production rates in the following processes: (1) the structure is fabricated on a tool by focused ion beam sputtering; (2) the reverse structure is formed on a metal plate by incremental stamping using the structured tool; and (3) the structure is transferred onto plastic plates by molding. A consecutive stamping is also proposed to fabricate several structures on a surface accurately with a structured tool, in which the moving pitch of the structured tool is numerically controlled. The effect of the surface topography on hydrophobicity is discussed with measuring contact angles on the structured surfaces in the water droplet tests. Hydrophobicity on the plastic plate is associated with the solid fraction on the structured surface based on the Cassie–Baxter model. A larger contact angle is observed for a smaller solid fraction of the surface. 相似文献
43.
Hirotaka Koga Takuya Kitaoka Mitsuyoshi Nakamura Hiroyuki Wariishi 《Journal of Materials Science》2009,44(21):5836-5841
A novel microstructured catalyst that consists of Cu/ZnO catalyst powders and ceramic fibers was successfully prepared using pulp fibers as a tentative matrix by a papermaking technique. As-prepared material, called a paper-structured catalyst, possessed porous microstructure with layered ceramic fiber networks (average pore size ca. 20 μm, porosity ca. 50%). In the process of methanol autothermal reforming (ATR) to produce hydrogen, paper-structured catalysts demonstrated both high methanol conversion and low concentration of undesirable carbon monoxide as compared with catalyst powders and pellets. The catalytic performance of paper-structured catalysts depended on the use of pulp fibers, which were added in the paper-forming process and finally removed by thermal treatment before ATR performance tests. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and mercury intrusion analysis suggested that the tentative pulp fiber matrix played a significant role in regulating the fiber-network microstructure inside paper composites. Various metallic filters with different average pore sizes, used as supports for Cu/ZnO catalysts, were subjected to ATR performance tests for elucidating the pore effects. The tests indicated that the pore sizes of catalyst support had critical effects on the catalytic efficiency: the maximum hydrogen production was achieved by metallic filters with an average pore size of 20 μm. These results suggested that the paper-specific microstructures contributed to form a suitable catalytic reaction environment, possibly by promoting efficient diffusion of heat and reactants. The paper-structured catalyst with a regular pore microstructure is expected to be a promising catalytic material to provide both practical utility and high efficiency in the catalytic gas-reforming process. 相似文献
44.
Takuya Takahashi Motoya Suzuki Ryuji Nomura Yuichi Okuda Koji Kamiya Takenori Numazawa Peter Shirron 《Microgravity science and technology》2011,23(4):365-372
Superfluid 4He was produced on a small jet plane for the first time using a small GM-refrigerator to condense the liquid and a scroll
pump to get the superfluid by evaporation. The surface wave on superfluid under 0.5g
E, 0.1g
E and 0.05g
E, together with 2g
E and 1g
E, was successfully examined by an optical method utilizing parabolic flight. Here, g
E is the gravitational constant on the ground. Assuming that only the fundamental mode was excited as determined by the sample
cell width, the resonance peak in the frequency domain was well reproduced by the gravity wave with corresponding gravity
constant. 相似文献
45.
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47.
Ingestion of plasmalogen markedly increased plasmalogen levels of blood plasma in rats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Plasmalogens, a subclass of phospholipids, are widely distributed in human and animals, and are taken into the body as food.
However, no data exist on the intestinal absorption or fate of ingested plasmalogen. Here, we determined whether dietary plasmalogen
is absorbed and whether blood and tissue concentrations increased in normal male Wistar rats by using four separate experiments.
Phospholipids containing more than 20 wt% of plasmalogen extracted from the bovine brain were incorporated into test diets
(10–15 wt%). In experiment 1, we estimated the absorption rate by measuring the plasmalogen vinyl ether bonds remaining in
the alimentary tract of rats after the ingestion of 2 g of test diet containing 91 μmol plasmalogen. The absorption rate of
plasmalogen was nearly 80 mol% after 4 h, comparable to the total phospholipid content in the test diet. In experiment 2,
we observed no degradation of the plasmalogen vinyl ether bonds under in vitro conditions simulating those of the stomach and small intestinal lumen. In experiment 3 we confirmed a comparable absorption
(36 mol%) by using a closed loop of the upper small intestine in anesthetized rats 90 min after injecting a 10 wt% brain phospholipid
emulsion. Feeding a test diet containing 10 wt% brain phospholipids for 7 d increased plasmalogen concentration threefold
in blood plasma and by 25% in the liver; however, no increases were seen in blood cells, skeletal muscle, brain, lungs, kidneys,
or adipose tissue (experiment 4). We concluded that dietary plasmalogen is absorbed from the intestine and contributes to
a large increase in plasmalogen levels in blood plasma. 相似文献
48.
中国液态锂铅包层材料研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
黄群英 李春京 李艳芬 刘少军 宋勇 彭蕾 章毛连 朱志强 高胜 郭智慧 王永亮 吴宜灿 周新贵 万发荣 单以银 郁金南 朱升云 张品源 杨建锋 李合琴 巨新 室贺健夫 长坂琢也 大贯惣明 FDS团队 《原子能科学技术》2007,41(Z1):397-406
液态锂铅包层是国际上普遍关注和最有发展潜力的聚变堆包层概念设计之一,而包层材料是液态锂铅包层的核心问题之一.目前,液态锂铅包层普遍选用低活化铁素体/马氏体钢(RAFM钢)作为结构材料,液态锂铅作为中子倍增剂及氚增殖剂.另外,部分设计采用了耐高温、电绝缘流道插件作为功能材料,以降低磁流体动力学效应及提高冷却剂出口温度(高于700℃).为适应液态包层的发展需求,中国科学院等离子体物理研究所FDS团队联合国内外相关研究单位,进行了具有中国自主知识产权的中国低活化马氏体钢(CLAM钢)及液态锂铅包层功能材料研发,并开展了锂铅热对流及强迫对流回路的设计、研制及腐蚀实验研究,以研究液态金属锂铅的流动特性及其与结构和功能材料的相容性.同时建立了聚变堆材料数据库平台,为促进中国聚变堆液态包层及材料技术的研究和发展提供数据支持. 相似文献
49.
Shuji Fukahori Hideaki Ichiura Takuya Kitaoka Hiroo Tanaka Hiroyuki Wariishi 《Journal of Materials Science》2007,42(15):6087-6092
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) powder-containing sheet composites, called TiO2 sheet, were prepared by a papermaking technique, and their photocatalytic efficiency was investigated. The TiO2 powders were homogeneously scattered over the fiber-mix networks tailored within the catalyst sheet. Under UV irradiation,
the TiO2 paper could decompose p-hydroxyacetophenone (p-HAP), although the degradation efficiency by the TiO2 sheet was lower than that by the TiO2 powder. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that coverage of the TiO2 particles inside the sheet by alumina binder which was used to improve the sheet strength caused the deterioration of the
photocatalytic performance. Internal addition of alumina binder made the TiO2 sheet porous and such a TiO2 sheet exhibited high photocatalytic performance equivalent to that of TiO2 powder. The porous structure of TiO2 sheet might contribute to effective transport of p-HAP to the surface of TiO2 particles inside the sheet, resulting in high degradation performance. In addition, TiO2 sheet prepared using TiO2 sol showed higher photocatalytic efficiency than TiO2 powder and it was indicated that the porous sheet structure might provide suitable conditions for TiO2 catalysis for photodecomposition. 相似文献
50.
Minami Takuya; Wampold Bruce E.; Serlin Ronald C.; Kircher John C.; Brown George S. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,75(2):232
This study estimates pretreatment-posttreatment effect size benchmarks for the treatment of major depression in adults that may be useful in evaluating psychotherapy effectiveness in clinical practice. Treatment efficacy benchmarks for major depression were derived for 3 different types of outcome measures: the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (M. A. Hamilton, 1960, 1967), the Beck Depression Inventory (A. T. Beck, 1978; A. T. Beck & R. A. Steer, 1987), and an aggregation of low reactivity-low specificity measures. These benchmarks were further refined for 3 conditions: treatment completers, intent-to-treat samples, and natural history (wait-list) conditions. The study confirmed significant effects of outcome measure reactivity and specificity on the pretreatment-posttreatment effect sizes. The authors provide practical guidance in using these benchmarks to assess treatment effectiveness in clinical settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献