Models of Ballistic Propagation of Heat at Low Temperatures

Heat conduction at low temperatures shows several effects that cannot be described by the Fourier law. In this paper, the performance of various theories is compared in case of wave-like and ballistic propagation of heat pulses in NaF.     

Dynamics of Plug Formation in a Circular Cylinder Under Low Bond Number Conditions: Experiment and Simulation

The goal of the current study is to investigate the dynamics of two phase interface under a low Bond number condition. Silicone oil is injected into a cylinder under a Bond number of about 0.47 via a side tube forming a T-junction with the former. The time evolution of the interface of silicon oil in a cylinder is captured using a high speed camera. The volume at which the plug is formed is then determined using an image processing tool to analyze the captured images. A numerical simulation is carried out where fluid is injected into a cylinder, under a less than unity Bond number condition, via a side tube. Numerical and experimental results are then compared.     

Ronchi test with a square grid

We use a square grid in the Ronchi test. This grid allows processing of both the X and the Y directions when calculating optical path difference. We use trapezoidal integration to analyze the new patterns, since it does not have the smoothing drawback at the edges of the wave front.     

Large deformation measurement by holographic interferometry

Summary The use of holographic interferometry for the measurement of large deformations is described. From the nature of holographic interferometry it is evident that large deformations exceed the wave length of the light source used by at least ten times of this size. To obtain holographically identifiable values of large deformations, a method of successive partial lighting is used. It shows how it is possible to keep all the advantages of the holographic method and use it even under conditions which apparently exceed its possibilities of application.     

Covariance of the absorption of phytoplankton, colored dissolved organic matter, and detritus in case I waters, as deduced from the Coastal Zone Color Scanner bio-optical algorithm

The universal bio-optical algorithm of the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) for case I waters implicitly contains an average covariance of the absorption by phytoplankton and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and detritus. We made that covariance explicit by combining the CZCS algorithm with an expression for reflectance. The spectral variation of absorption by CDOM plus detritus for case I waters may be estimated by the expression a(gd(λ)) = 2a(ph)(443)*chl{exp[-0.013(λ - 443)].     

Endoscopic sclerotherapy is useful in Dieulafoy''s disease

1.5% Capsaicin (Cap) or Vehicle was respectively used to treat the right or left sciatic nerve in 20 Sprague-Dawley rats. On the seventh day, the 20 rats were at random divided into electroacupuncture (EA) group and non-EA group, the spinal cord corresponding to the afferent segments of sciatic nerve was taken out for observing the changes of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and [3H]-quinuelidinylbenzylate (QNB) binding sites in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH). The results were as follows: (1) EA "Huantiao" could enhance AChE activity in the SDH and decrease [3H]-QNB binding sites; (2) Cap treating sciatice nerve could weaken AChE activity in the SDH and merease [3H]-QNB binding sites; (3) Cap treatment could inhibit or partially inhibit the actions of EA as above. The results indicated that ACh participated in the primary afferent of acupuncture information and might exist in Cap-sensitive neurons.     

Our experience in brachytherapy of certain non-cancerous diseases

The Neurospora crassa Asm-1+ (ascospore maturation 1) gene encodes an abundant nucleus-localized protein required for formation of female structures and for ascospore maturation. Deletion mutants of Asm-1+ are "ascus-dominant," i.e., when crossed to wild type, neither Asm-1+ nor Asm-1 delta spores mature. To explain this behavior, we considered three models: an effect of reduced dosage of the gene product, failure of internuclear communication, and failure of transvection (regulation dependent on pairing of alleles). We found that for proper regulation of subsequent sexual sporulation, Asm-1+ must be in proximity, probably paired, to its allelic counterpart in the zygote: i.e., transvection must occur. Disruption of pairing causes failure of ascospore progeny to mature. Transvection in Neurospora, unlike in Drosophila, occurs immediately before meiosis, and can be demonstrated between wild-type alleles.     

Transmission electron microscopy study of a dental gallium alloy

Analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of a dental gallium alloy have been carried out. This commercial Ga alloy was made by triturating a Ag-Sn-Cu-rich alloy powder with a liquid Ga alloy containing Ga, In and Sn. Ga alloys are of increasing interest as an alternative to amalgam. The dental material studied in the present work was found to be a composite consisting of remaining, undissolved particles from the Ag-based alloy powder in a matrix of reaction products with the liquid Ga alloy. The phases in the matrix and the remaining Ag-based alloy particles have been identified by electron diffraction, high resolution electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. the following phases were identified: orthorhombic Ag₃Sn, cubic -Cu₉Ga₄, cubic Ag₉In₄, tetragonal -Sn and hexagonal Ag₂Ga. In addition to these well-known phases Ga-rich regions of Cu-Ga were observed consisting of an intergrowth of the tetragonal CuGa₂ and one of the cubic -Cu₉Ga₄ phases.     

Influence of serotonergic neurons and of pineal gland on the development of the neonatal androgen sterilization syndrome in the rat

The effect of the removal of pineal gland, performed in adult age or during perinatal life, was investigated in the neonatal androgen sterility (NA-CEA) syndrome, in combination with drugs acting on serotonergic neurons. Perinatal pinealectomy (Px) was more potent in preventing the development of NA-CEA state than Px performed in the adult age. These data indicate that the masculinized hypothalamus becomes less sensitive to pineal influences during the lifespan. Effect of Px was potentiated by drugs increasing the central serotonergic tone. The results lead to the assumption that pineal hormones are influential on the maturation of serotonergic neurons, which might interfere with the sterilizing property of neonatal androgen treatment during the "critical" period of sexual differentiation.