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31.
32.
Jeong-Mo Hong Tamar Shinar Myungjoo Kang Ronald Fedkiw 《Journal of scientific computing》2007,31(1-2):99-125
This review paper begins with an overview of the boundary condition capturing approach to solving problems with interfaces. Although the authors’ original motivation was to extend the ghost fluid method
from compressible to incompressible flow, the elliptic nature of incompressible flow quickly quenched the idea that ghost
cells could be defined and used in the usual manner. Instead the boundary conditions had to be implicitly captured by the
matrix formulation itself, leading to the novel approach. We first review the work on the variable coefficient Poisson equation,
noting that the simplicity of the method allowed for an elegant convergence proof. Simplicity and robustness also allowed
for a quick extension to three-dimensional two-phase incompressible flows including the effects of viscosity and surface tension,
which is discussed subsequently. The method has enjoyed popularity in both computational physics and computer graphics, and
we show some comparisons with the traditional delta function approach for the visual simulation of bubbles. Finally, we discuss
extensions to problems where the velocity is discontinuous as well, as is the case for premixed flames, and show an example
of multiple interacting liquids that includes all of the aforementioned phenomena. 相似文献
33.
TS Mentzel DD Wanger N Ray BJ Walker D Strasfeld MG Bawendi MA Kastner 《Nano letters》2012,12(8):4404-4408
We present the first semiconductor nanocrystal films of nanoscale dimensions that are electrically conductive and crack-free. These films make it possible to study the electrical properties intrinsic to the nanocrystals unimpeded by defects such as cracking and clustering that typically exist in larger-scale films. We find that the electrical conductivity of the nanoscale films is 180 times higher than that of drop-cast, microscopic films made of the same type of nanocrystal. Our technique for forming the nanoscale films is based on electron-beam lithography and a lift-off process. The patterns have dimensions as small as 30 nm and are positioned on a surface with 30 nm precision. The method is flexible in the choice of nanocrystal core-shell materials and ligands. We demonstrate patterns with PbS, PbSe, and CdSe cores and Zn(0.5)Cd(0.5)Se-Zn(0.5)Cd(0.5)S core-shell nanocrystals with a variety of ligands. We achieve unprecedented versatility in integrating semiconductor nanocrystal films into device structures both for studying the intrinsic electrical properties of the nanocrystals and for nanoscale optoelectronic applications. 相似文献
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Wigginton KR Menin L Sigstam T Gannon G Cascella M Hamidane HB Tsybin YO Waridel P Kohn T 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2012,13(6):837-845
Much research has been dedicated to understanding the molecular basis of UV damage to biomolecules, yet many questions remain regarding the specific pathways involved. Here we describe a genome-mediated mechanism that causes site-specific virus protein cleavage upon UV irradiation. Bacteriophage MS2 was disinfected with 254 nm UV, and protein damage was characterized with ESI- and MALDI-based FT-ICR, Orbitrap, and TOF mass spectroscopy. Top-down mass spectrometry of the products identified the backbone cleavage site as Cys46-Ser47 in the virus capsid protein, a location of viral genome-protein interaction. The presence of viral RNA was essential to inducing backbone cleavage. The similar bacteriophage GA did not exhibit site-specific protein cleavage. Based on the major protein fragments identified by accurate mass analysis, a cleavage mechanism is proposed by radical formation. The mechanism involves initial oxidation of the Cys46 side chain followed by hydrogen atom abstraction from Ser47 C(α). Computational protein QM/MM studies confirmed the initial steps of the radical mechanism. Collectively, this study describes a rare incidence of genome-induced protein cleavage without the addition of sensitizers. 相似文献
36.
María del Carmen Gonzlez-Lpez Saúl Jijn-Moreno Mitzuko Dautt-Castro Cesar Ovando-Vzquez Tamar Ziv Benjamin A. Horwitz Sergio Casas-Flores 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(13)
The establishment of plant–fungus mutualistic interaction requires bidirectional molecular crosstalk. Therefore, the analysis of the interacting organisms secretomes would help to understand how such relationships are established. Here, a gel-free shotgun proteomics approach was used to identify the secreted proteins of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the mutualistic fungus Trichoderma atroviride during their interaction. A total of 126 proteins of Arabidopsis and 1027 of T. atroviride were identified. Among them, 118 and 780 were differentially modulated, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis unveiled that both organisms’ secretomes were enriched with enzymes. In T. atroviride, glycosidases, aspartic endopeptidases, and dehydrogenases increased in response to Arabidopsis. Additionally, amidases, protein-serine/threonine kinases, and hydro-lyases showed decreased levels. Furthermore, peroxidases, cysteine endopeptidases, and enzymes related to the catabolism of secondary metabolites increased in the plant secretome. In contrast, pathogenesis-related proteins and protease inhibitors decreased in response to the fungus. Notably, the glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase GGAT1 was secreted by Arabidopsis during its interaction with T. atroviride. Our study showed that GGAT1 is partially required for plant growth stimulation and on the induction of the plant systemic resistance by T. atroviride. Additionally, GGAT1 seems to participate in the negative regulation of the plant systemic resistance against B. cinerea through a mechanism involving H2O2 production. 相似文献
37.
On the example of copper fulvate, it is discussed the method of calculation of stability constants of fulvic complexes. At pH = 8, the complex formation of copper(ll) ions with fulvic acids was studied by the solubility method. Fulvic acids were separated from the river Mtkvari by the adsorption-chromotographic method. The charcoal (BAU, Russia) was used as a sorbent. The suspension of copper(If) hydroxide was used as the solid phase, on which was added the increasing quantity of standard solution of fulvic acids. In diluted solutions, at pH = 8 the dominant form of copper(lI) is copper dihydroxo complex Cu(OH)^zO. It was established that in the Cu(OH)2 (solid)-Cu(OH)^20 (solution)-FA^2-H20 system, dominates copper dyhydroxo fulvate complex with the structure 1:1, [Cu(OH)2FA]^2. The average stability constant of copper dyhydroxo fulvate complex was calculated based on experimental data fl [Cu(OH)2FAJ^2 = 4.5× l0^5. 相似文献
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