Zur Chemie der 3-Aroylimino-3H-1,2-dithiole

Reactions of 3-Aroylimino-3H-1,2-dithioles The thiolates 3 and 10 prepared from 3-aroylimino-4-aroylthio-5-cyano-3H-1,2-dithioles 1 with bases, react with alkylhalides and acylhalides to the corresponding 4-S-substituted compounds 6, 11 and 7 , respectively. Treatment of the thiolates with 1-chloropropanone gives the bicyclic compound 12 by intramolecular cyclization involving the 5-cyano-group. 3,6-Bis-(acylimino)-3H,6H-[4,3-c] [1,2]-dithioles 2 or 8 are prepared from the S-acylated dithioles 1 or 7 and sulphur in pyridine/benzene. 1,2,4-Triazines 13 are formed by the reaction of dithiol es 1 orthiolates 3 with phenylhydrazine. The thiolates give upon protonation the mesoionic dithioliumthiolates 4 . Coordination compounds are obtained from the reaction of the thiolates with cations of 3d-elements. On the basis of the chemical behaviour of the new 3-acylimino-1,2-dithioles and the results of spectroscopic measurements a strong bonding interaction between the N-acyl-carbonylgroup and the dithiole ring system in these compounds is supposed.     

Eco-Sustainable Silk Fibroin/Pomegranate Peel Extract Film as an Innovative Green Material for Skin Repair

Skin disorders are widespread around the world, affecting people of all ages, and oxidative stress represents one of the main causes of alteration in the normal physiological parameters of skin cells. In this work, we combined a natural protein, fibroin, with antioxidant compounds extracted in water from pomegranate waste. We demonstrate the effective and facile fabrication of bioactive and eco-sustainable films of potential interest for skin repair. The blended films are visually transparent (around 90%); flexible; stable in physiological conditions and in the presence of trypsin for 12 days; able to release the bioactive compounds in a controlled manner; based on Fickian diffusion; and biocompatible towards the main skin cells, keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production tests demonstrated the high capacity of our films to reduce the oxidative stress induced in cells, which is responsible for various skin diseases.     

Integrating social and cognitive aspects of belief dynamics: towards a unifying framework

Belief change and spread have been studied in many disciplines—from psychology, sociology, economics and philosophy, to biology, computer science and statistical physics—but we still do not have a firm grasp on why some beliefs change more easily and spread faster than others. To fully capture the complex social-cognitive system that gives rise to belief dynamics, we first review insights about structural components and processes of belief dynamics studied within different disciplines. We then outline a unifying quantitative framework that enables theoretical and empirical comparisons of different belief dynamic models. This framework uses a statistical physics formalism, grounded in cognitive and social theory, as well as empirical observations. We show how this framework can be used to integrate extant knowledge and develop a more comprehensive understanding of belief dynamics.     

No evidence of citation bias as a determinant of STEM gender disparities in US biochemistry,genetics and molecular biology research

Scientometrics - The lack of females in many Science Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) subjects in the USA is an ongoing concern, with many initiatives attempting to redress this...     

Slag Characterization: A Necessary Tool for Modeling and Simulating Refractory Corrosion on a Pilot Scale

The slag in pyrometallurgical operations plays a major role affecting the life of furnace refractory. As such, comprehensive mineralogical and chemical slag examination, physical property determination including the slag melting point or liquidus, and viscosity are necessary for precise understanding of a slag. At the RHI Technology Center Leoben, Austria, the main objective of slag characterization work is to reach a better understanding of refractory corrosion. This corrosion testwork is performed at the laboratory and pilot scale. Typically, corrosion tests are performed in an induction furnace or rotary kiln, with the main purpose being the improved selection of the most suitable refractory products to improve refractory performance in operating metallurgical furnaces. This article focuses on characterization of samples of six non-ferrous, customer-provided slags. This includes slag from a copper Peirce-Smith converter, a short rotary furnace for lead smelting, a titania-processing furnace, and a Ni-Cu top blowing rotary converter (TBRC) plant.     

Dendritic Nanotheranostic for the Delivery of Infliximab: A Potential Carrier in Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy

Antibodies are macromolecules that specifically recognize their target, making them good candidates to be employed in various therapies. The possibility of attaching a drug to an immunoglobulin makes it possible to release it specifically into the affected tissue as long as it overexpresses the target. However, chemical coupling could affect the functionality (specificity and affinity) of the antibody. It has been observed that the use of intermediaries, such as dendrimers, could resolve this issue. Because carbosilane dendrimers have aroused great interest in the field of biomedicine, this report describes the synthesis of an anionic carbosilane dendrimer with a fluorochrome on its surface that then forms a conjugate with an antibody. It has been used as immunoglobulin and infliximab, whose target is TNF-α, which is a cytokine that is overexpressed in the inflamed area or even in the blood of patients with autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, the integrity and functionality of the antibody has been studied to see if they have been affected after the chemical coupling process.     

Information Systems in Transition Economies: Does Ownership Matter?

This research investigates the moderating roles of firm ownership in managerial perceptions of information systems (IS) in transition economies. Analysis of representative survey data from 304 companies in Hungary showed that perceptions of IS are driven by organizational variables in foreign firms, and by environmental variables in domestic firms. The findings embrace a more fine-grained notion of variables affecting IS usefulness in the transition economy context by showing that those are contingent on firm ownership.