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31.
Ester-type tartaric gemini amphiphiles bearing two carboxyl groups and two hydrophobic alkanoyl groups were prepared from L-tartaric acid, and the pressure-area (π-A) isotherms for a series of symmetric tartaric gemini amphiphiles were measured by the conventional film-balance technique. The effects of the length of the hydrophobic alkanoyl chains and of the subphase temperature (T(sub)) on the π-A isotherms for these compounds were examined. As the length of the hydrophobic alkyl chain increased, a more tightly packed monolayer was formed at the air-water interface. The melting temperature (T(m)) of the monolayer on the water surface was evaluated from the subphase temperature (T(sub)) dependence of the monolayer static elasticity ε(s), based on a π-A isotherm. A clear relationship between T(m) and hydrophobic carbon number (n) was observed for 2D monolayers of tartaric geminis on water surfaces, as well as for fatty acids and/or 3D solids. 相似文献
32.
High oleic acid oil suppresses lung tumorigenesis in mice through the modulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yamaki T Yano T Satoh H Endo T Matsuyama C Kumagai H Miyahara M Sakurai H Pokorny J Shin SJ Hagiwara K 《Lipids》2002,37(8):783-788
This study was undertaken to estimate the effect of dietary high oleic acid oil (OA) on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
(NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in mice. Diet containing 10% oil was fed to mice through experimental periods. On day 30
after NNK injection (100 mg/kg body weight, i.p.), the treatment increased the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a marker of cell proliferation in a high linoleic acid oil (LA)-fed group
but not in an OA-fed group. The NNK treatment also induced the activation of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)
cascade (Erk, Mek and Raf-1) in an LA-fed group. On the other hand, OA feeding abolished the NNK-induced activation of the
Erk cascade. In conjugation with these events, OA feeding reduced lung tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity (percentage
of mice with tumors) in mice compared with LA feeding at the 20th experimental week. These results suggest that OA suppresses
lung tumorigenesis and that this suppression is correlated with the inhibition of PGE2 production and inactivation of the Erk cascade. 相似文献
33.
Classicalparticle morphologies, core‐shell, hemisphere, sandwich, and so on, were all reproducible by starting from ca. 10‐μm uniform droplets composed of monomers, initiator, solvents, and polymer, and polymerizing them by subsequent suspension polymerization. SPG (Shirasu porous glass) membrane was employed to form uniform size droplets having the coefficient of variation (CV) around 10%. Styrene (ST) and acrylic monomers were used as monomers, and their polymers were dissolved in the droplets to investigate the development of phase separation. When hydrophilic methyl methacrylate (MMA) was polymerized in the droplets with a mixed solvent consisting of hydrophilic hexanol (HA) and hydrophobic benzene and hexadecane (HD), the resulting morphology shifted from hemisphere to sandwich and eventually to PMMA/solvent core‐shell with increasing hydrophilicity of the mixed solvent. The sandwich was converted to the core‐shell after several weeks elapsed. As styrene was added to MMA, the morphology shifted from hemisphere core/solvent shell to raspberry core/solvent shell as the fraction of ST increased. The domain of the mixed solvent in the raspberry core was reduced with increasing the hydrophilicity of the mixed solvent. All these morphologies were eventually converted to the copolymer core/solvent shell. When a mixed monomer of styrene and MMA dissolving polystyrene (PS) was polymerized, the resulting morphology shifted from salami to core‐shell with increasing the MMA fraction in the comonomer. The salami particles were then swollen with toluene, and after the swelling, toluene was removed under the different temperature and pressure. The final particle morphology converted to the core‐shell with a milder rate of toluene removal which was predicted from the thermodynamic model. When styrene and cyclohexyl acrylate (CHA), a pair with widely different reactivity ratios, were copolymerized, salami morphologies, with tiny CHA‐rich domains dispersed in the matrix, were obtained even at a higher fraction of CHA in comonomer. Effects of glass transition temperature of the polymers, molecular weight, and the composition of copolymers were taken in consideration whenever the final morphologies were discussed. By these experiments, the authors tried to demonstrate an advantage of using large uniform spheres for the particle morphology studies. SPG emulsification technique was a potential tool because of its free formulation of the droplets, and the subsequent polymerization could undergo without the breakup or coalescence of the droplets. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 2200–2220, 2001 相似文献
34.
Kanako Hisamatsu Toru Shiomi Shun-ichi Matsuura Takayuki Y. Nara Tatsuo Tsunoda Fujio Mizukami Kengo Sakaguchi 《Journal of Porous Materials》2012,19(1):95-102
α-Amylase was encapsulated in several mesoporous materials (folded sheet mesoporous silica (FSM), cubic mesoporous silica
(KIT-6), and two-dimensional hexagonal mesoporous silica (SBA-15)) that differed morphologically in terms of particle shape,
pore size, and pore structure. The encapsulation capacity and thermal stability of encapsulated α-amylase were examined. The
amount of α-amylase encapsulated increased with increasing pore size in the following order: SBA-15 < KIT-6 < FSM. Nitrogen
adsorption experiments were performed before and after α-amylase encapsulation in mesoporous silicas with pore sizes larger
than the size of α-amylase, confirming that α-amylase was encapsulated in the pores. Among mesoporous silicas with similar
pore sizes, FSM was found to have the highest capacity for α-amylase encapsulation both per weight and per surface area of
silica. Furthermore, α-amylase encapsulated in FSM demonstrated high thermal stability at 90 °C relative to the thermal stability
of free α-amylase or free α-amylase encapsulated in other mesoporous silicas. Zeta potential measurements showed that the
FSM surface had an isoelectric point that was lower than that of other mesoporous silicas, and hydrophilicity measurements
showed that its surface was more hydrophilic. The surface properties of FSM contributed to the high thermal stability of the
α-amylase encapsulated within the pores. 相似文献
35.
Role of zinc compounds on the formation, morphology, and adsorption characteristics of β-FeOOH rusts
To simulate the corrosion of galvanized steel in marine zone, β-FeOOH was prepared by aging the FeCl3 solutions containing ZnCl2 and zinc rusts such as ZnO and zinc hydroxychloride (Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O:ZHC). Adding ZnCl2, ZnO, and ZHC inhibited the crystallization and particle growth of β-FeOOH and the inhibitory effect was in order of ZHC ≈ ZnO > ZnCl2. The adsorption of H2O and CO2 was suppressed by adding ZnCl2, ZnO, and ZHC. These results imply that the rust formed on galvanized steel in marine environment is more compact, amorphous, and hydrophobic in nature which may lead to improve the corrosion resistance. 相似文献
36.
Solute distributions in the vicinity of grain boundaries in Al–Zn–Mg(–Ag) alloys were studied using a three-dimensional atom probe, in order to elucidate the mechanism of formation of precipitate free zones (PFZs) and the fundamental role of Ag in controlling PFZ width. It is shown that nanoscale clusters are formed within the PFZ in Al–Zn–Mg, despite the solute concentration remaining at the levels in the as-quenched state. Such observations have not previously been possible, and show unambiguously that vacancy depletion is the dominant mechanism of formation of PFZs in this alloy. In the Ag-containing alloy, a narrower PFZ is observed, with a reduced solute level, showing that here the dominant mechanism of PFZ formation is solute depletion. The role of Ag in this change of mechanism appears to be due to its favorable interactions not only with Mg and Zn atoms but also with vacancies. 相似文献
37.
Isamu Matsunaga Atsuo Ueda Nagatoshi Fujiwara Tatsuo Sumimoto Kosuke Ichihara 《Lipids》1999,34(8):841-846
We have characterized the gene encoding fatty acid α-hydroxylase, a cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme, from Sphingomonas paucimobilis. A database homology search indicated that the deduced amino acid sequence of this gene product was 44% identical to that
of the ybdT gene product that is a 48 kDa protein of unknown function from Bacillus subtilis. In this study, we cloned the ybdT gene and characterized this gene product using a recombinant enzyme to clarify function of the ybdT gene product. The carbon monoxide difference spectrum of the recombinant enzyme showed the characteristic one of P450. In
the presence of H2O2, the recombinant ybdT gene product hydroxylated myristic acid to produce β-hydroxyristic acid and α-hydroxymyristic acid which were determined
by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The amount of these products increased
with increasing reaction period and amount of H2O2 in the reaction mixture. The amount of β-hydroxyl product was slightly higher than that of α-hydroxyl product at all times
during the reaction. However, no reaction products were detected at any time or at any concentration of H2O2 when heat-inactivated enzyme was used. HPLC analysis with a chiral column showed that the β-hydroxyl product was nearly enantiomerically
pure R-form. These results suggest that this P450 enzyme is involved in a novel biosynthesis of β-hydroxy fatty acid. 相似文献
38.
Norihito Mayama Hiroyuki Yoshida Tatsuo Iwata Kaoru Sasakawa Atsushi Suzuki Yuya Hanaoka Yoshihiro Morita Akito Kuroda Masanori Owari 《Diamond and Related Materials》2010,19(7-9):946-949
In this study, we report the characterization of carbonaceous films deposited on metal substrates by liquid-phase electrodeposition in methanol. The characterization of carbonaceous films by electrodeposition was examined by means of Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), atom probe (AP) and high resolution-elastic recoil detection analysis (HR-ERDA). From these results, it was found that the films deposited on the metal substrates were composed of the sp2 and sp3 carbon contents, of which the ratio was about 7:3. Furthermore, the films by electrodeposition contained much hydrogen. The hydrogen contents in the surface were about 60 at.% and those in the subsurface were a few 10 at.%. 相似文献
39.
Aniruddha Nag Mohammed Asif Ali Jiabei Zhou Makoto Ogawa Tatsuo Kaneko 《大分子材料与工程》2021,306(11):2100459
Aromatic and functional polymers with processibility derived from biobased starting materials are prerequisite considering sustainable society. Poly(2,5-benzimidazole)s are rigid-rod polymers to show ultrahigh thermal stability such as flame retardance, while usually suffer from poor solubility. Here, poly(benzimidazole-co-amide)s are synthesized from two biobased monomers, 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid and a semirigid comonomer, 4-aminohydrocinnamic acid. The copolymers with an amide composition of 80 mol% and higher are soluble in widely used polar solvents to fabricate the films keeping high flame retardance, which is comparable with popular high-performance polymers such as aromatic polyimides, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, etc. 相似文献
40.