高速气流冲击式粉体表面改性装置——HYBRIDIZATION系统及应用

利用高速气流冲击法进行粉体/粉体系表面改性技术,是迄今为止各种粉体材料开发中最为引人注目的技术之一。HYBRIDIZATION(下称HYB)系统是利用高速气流冲击法对微粉体进行干式/机械化处理,是使材料复合化的最实用的装置,可对各类有机物、无机物、金属等进行广泛组合,通用性很强,适用于许多行业领域。从本文所述的系统构成、型式,有关的典型球形化处理的运转特性,利用复合化高温粉体测定被处理粉体表面温度,利用颜料改变色调等的处理特点及该系统的适用性等(一部分是从已发表的学术论文及专利上摘录的),可以说明HYB系统的概况。     

Autonomic load balancing of flow monitors

In monitoring flows at routers for flow analysis or deep packet inspection, the monitor calculates hash values from the flow ID of each packet arriving at the input port of the router. Therefore, the monitors must update the flow table at the transmission line rate, so high-speed and high-cost memory, such as SRAM, is used for the flow table. This requires the monitors to limit the monitoring target to just some of the flows. However, if the monitors randomly select the monitoring targets, multiple routers on the route will sometimes monitor the same flow, or no monitors will monitor a flow. To maximize the number of monitored flows in the entire network, the monitors must select the monitoring targets while maintaining a balanced load among them. We propose an autonomous load-balancing method where monitors exchange information on monitor load only with adjacent monitors. Numerical evaluations using the actual traffic matrix of Internet2 show that the proposed method improves the total monitored flow count by about 50% compared with that of independent sampling. Moreover, we evaluate the load-balancing effect on 36 backbone networks of commercial ISPs.     

High‐pixel‐rate grating‐light‐valve laser projector

Abstract— A high‐pixel‐rate, high‐contrast (30,000:1) wide‐color‐gamut grating‐light‐valve laser projector is reported. A new optical engine enabling high‐frame‐rate (240 Hz) scan projection is employed. Panoramic wide‐angle‐scan projection with a 64:9 aspect ratio was also developed. Speckle noise is eliminated using a simple but highly efficient technique. The optical throughput efficiency of the grating‐light‐valve laser projector is reviewed.     

-Structure of the respiratory system of the Ulodera Hynobius neblosus tokyoensis Tago, with special reference to the distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive cells in its respiratory tract epithelium

The respiratory tract epithelium in many vertebrate species has a neuroepithelial endocrine (NEE) system. This system is composed of solitary NEE cells or organoid cell groups called neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs). In response to chemical and physical stimuli, NEE cells may release bioactive substances. Serotonin, one of the biogenic amines, well-known as a constricter of smooth muscle, can be found in NEE cells, serotonin-immunoreactive cells can be used as a marker for these cells. Comparative histological studies of lower vertebrates can improve our understanding of mammalian respiratory systems. The Tokyo salamander (Hynobius neblosus tokyoensis Tago), classified as Ulodera, is particularly useful for comparative studies of respiration. In this study, the serial sections of respiratory tract of the Tokyo salamander were stained by a commonly used staining method and by an immunocytochemical method for serotonin, and the distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive cells in the respiratory tract was examined. The respiratory tract was found to be connected to the alimentary tract via an aditus laryngis, which opens on the medio-ventral side of the esophagus. The laryngotrachea was slit-like or elliptically shaped with a total length of about 3.5 mm, joining the aditus laryngis. The laryngotrachea was supported by a pair of lateral cartilages, and a fibromuscular layer was seen between the cartilages and the epithelium. In the cranial region, a laryngeal sphincter was seen around the laryngotrachea. The laryngotrachea branches into a pair of tube-like lungs, that are about 17-20 mm in length. Two apposed primary trabeclae run along the entire length of the lung wall, perpendicular to the axis, and containing the pulmonary arteries and veins. The lungs were divided into two portions: 1) an airway portion (trabeclae, septa) in which smooth muscles surrounding the large vessels were well developed, and 2) a respiratory portion which was give that name because it has well developed capillary networks that were assumed to be involved in gas exchange. The lumen of the laryngotrachea and the pulmonary airway portion contained pseudostratified cilio-mucous epithelium. In the caudaldorsal region of the laryngotrachea adjacent to the lungs, the non-ciliated respiratory epithelium was seen lining the capillaries. In cilio-mucous epithelium of the laryngotrachea, all serotonin-immunoreactive cells were solitary. They apposed to be columnar, cuboidal, triangular, oval, and flask- or spindle-shaped. Solitary serotonin-immunoreactive cells were classified "open type cell" with appical process reaching to the luminal surface and "closed type cell" insulated from the lumen by an epithelial lining. In the pulmonary airway portion, serotonin-immunoreactive cells were solitary cells and in clusters. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were widely distributed throughout the respiratory tract, but they tended to be found mainly in the cranial portion. The density was highest in the area with the laryngeal sphincter, and decreased caudally in the laryngotrachea and lung. No serotonin-immunoreactive cells were found in the respiratory portion of the dorsal-caudal area of the laryngotrachea or in the part of the lung with non-ciliated cells. So the structure and distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive cells in the respiratory tract of the Tokyo salamander are similar to those of NEE cells and NEBs in mammalian respiratory systems. The density of serotonin-immunoreactive cells appears to be related to the distribution of smooth muscles in the fibromuscular layer and airway portion. The cells may be involved in regulation of the respiratory system. Serotonin is released in response to stimulation, which could result in constriction of the fibromuscular layer and shrinkage of the laryngotracheal cavity, and may regulate pulmonary volume by constricting smooth muscles     

High-rate Decoupled Water Electrolysis System Integrated with α-MoO3 as a Redox Mediator with Fast Anhydrous Proton Kinetics

Hydrogen is a promising alternative to fossil fuels that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Decoupled water electrolysis system using a reversible proton storage redox mediator, where the oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction are separated in time and space, is an effective approach to producing hydrogen gas with high purity, high flexibility, and low cost. To realize fast hydrogen production in such a system, a redox mediator capable of releasing protons rapidly is required. Herein, α-MoO₃, with an ultrafast proton transfer property that can be explained by a dense hydrogen bond network in the lattice oxygen arrays of HxMoO₃, is examined as a high-rate redox mediator for fast hydrogen production in acidic electrolytes. The α-MoO₃ redox mediator shows both a large capacity of 204 mAh g⁻¹ and fast hydrogen production at a current rate of 10 A cm⁻²(≈153 A g⁻¹), outperforming most of the previously reported solid-state redox mediators.     

Development of a pulse control-type MEMS microrobot with a hardware neural network

This article presents the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) microrobot which demonstrates locomotion controlled by hardware neural networks (HNN). The size of the microrobot fabricated by the MEMS technology is 4 × 4 × 3.5 mm. The frame of the robot is made of silicon wafer, and it is equipped with a rotary-type actuator, a link mechanism, and six legs. The rotary-type actuator generates rotational movement by applying an electrical current to artificial muscle wires. The locomotion of the microrobot is obtained by the rotation of the rotary-type actuator. As in a living organism, the HNN realized robot control without using any software programs, A/D converters, or additional driving circuits. A central pattern generator (CPG) model was implemented as an HNN system to emulate the locomotion pattern. The MEMS microrobot emulated the locomotion method and the neural networks of an insect with the rotary-type actuator, the link mechanism, and the HNN. The microrobot performed forward and backward locomotion, and also changed direction by inputting an external trigger pulse. The locomotion speed was 0.325 mm/s and the step width was 1.3 mm.     

Topological design considering flexibility under periodic loads

Topology optimization has been extensively considered to design the structural configuration for the stiffness maximization and the eigenfrequency maximization. In this paper, we construct a topology optimization method implementing flexibility with the time-periodic loading condition. First, the flexibility in the dynamic periodic loading is formulated using the mutual energy concept. Second, the multi-optimization problem is formulated using a new multi-objective function in order to obtain an optimal solution incorporating both flexibility and stiffness. Next, the topology optimization procedure is developed using the homogenization design method. Finally, some examples are provided to confirm the optimal design method presented here. Received January 18, 1999