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21.
Tatyana V. Reshetenko Guido Bender Keith Bethune Richard Rocheleau 《Electrochimica acta》2011,(24):8700
A segmented cell system was applied to investigate the effects of the anode and cathode back pressure and hydrogen stoichiometry on fuel cell performance in terms of overpotential distributions along the flow field. The segmented cell system was designed with closed loop Hall sensors and a data acquisition system allowing simultaneous spatial electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) measurements. It was determined that an increase in back pressure for the tested serpentine flow field design results in an improvement of the cell performance and uneven improvement of individual segments’ performance. In general, the performance and the overpotentials become more uniform downstream with an increase in the back pressure due to a decrease in activation and mass transfer losses. Spatial EIS data for the PEMFC operated at different back pressures support the overpotential analysis. Hydrogen stoichiometry variations do not affect the performance of the cell or the individual segments at low current density because there is no significant hydrogen concentration gradient in the flow field. However, at high current densities a reduction in hydrogen stoichiometry produces a slight decrease in performance for inlet segments while outlet segments showed a noticeable performance loss. The decrease in performance is attributed to an increase in mass transfer losses due to nitrogen diffusion from the cathode to the anode. This effect becomes more pronounced for the outlet segments due to a downstream nitrogen accumulation. Under high current density conditions, the cell is locally fuel starved even with a high fuel stoichiometry creating conditions leading to cell degradation by carbon corrosion. More importantly, this local degradation is masked by the overall cell performance which remains largely unaffected. 相似文献
22.
Tatyana Petrova Natasha Vaklieva-Bancheva Simeon Darakchiev Roman Popov 《Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy》2014,16(7):1381-1392
In the present work, we carry out evaluation of gas flow maldistribution in different types of gas distributing devices (GDD) and packings by using experimental data for the output velocity profiles for both the absorption pilot column and industrial column. Two GDD construction types—with circular and with local tube gas feed, together with their modifications—are investigated. Two pilot columns—with random packing RSRM 1.5″ and with structured ceramic Honey-comb packing, and one industrial contact economizer with Honey-comb and inclined rings—have been studied. Six types of quantitative estimations of GDD and packings maldistribution are determined by the help of MATHCAD. Then, their sensitivity toward several factors, such as the type of GDD and packing, the initial gas flow velocity, the number and dimension of measuring cells on the column cross-section, the measurement error, and so on, is investigated. It is found that only two of the quantitative maldistribution estimations take into account the formation of maldistribution clusters, which deteriorates the uniform gas distribution. A novel method for quantitative determination of these clusters and also for identification of the zones at column cross-section, in which they appeared, has been developed. It is established that the measurement error and the dimension of measuring cell deeply influence the number, the area, and spatial distribution of these zones on the cross-section, as well as the values of maldistribution estimates. 相似文献
23.
Alexander A. Khassin Vladimir V. Pelipenko Tatyana P. Minyukova Vladimir I. Zaikovskii Dmitrii I. Kochubey Tamara M. Yurieva 《Catalysis Today》2006,112(1-4):143-147
The catalytic activity of CuZn catalysts in the synthesis of methanol is related to those reduced Cu species, which originate from the CuxZn1−xO solid solution of wurtzite-like structure. Copper cations in the CuxZn1−xO solid solution are localized in the extended stacking faults of the ZnO lattice. Copper sites could be supposedly described as the product of introducing (OH)Cu(OH) to the planar defects of zinc oxide structure. Hydroxyl groups stabilize the planar defects of ZnO. The process of the samples reduction leads to the formation of flat Cu0 particles over the surface of zinc oxide. The planar defects of ZnO structure are preserved in the reduced state. During the reoxidation, copper atoms return back to the extended stacking faults of ZnO as the tape-like clusters of flat-square coordinated copper cations. 相似文献
24.
Seven zooxanthellae-free species of octocorals (the genera Acanthogorgia, Acabaria, Chironephthya, Echinogorgia, Menella, Ellisella, and Bebryce) and two zooxanthellate octocorals (the genera Paralemnalia and Rumphella) were examined to elucidate their fatty acid (FA) composition. Arachidonic (about 40% of the total FA) and palmitic acids
were predominant in all the species studied. Seven furan FA (F-acids) (up to 9.7%) were identified in the azooxanthellate
octocorals. The main F-acids were 14,17-epoxy-15-methyldocosa-14,16-dienoic and 14,17-epoxy-15,16-dimethyldocosa-14,16-dienoic
acids. In all specimens of Bebryce studeri, C25–28 demospongic FA (about 20%) were identified. These FA reflect the presence of a symbiotic sponge in B. studeri and can be used as the specific markers for other corals. A significant difference (P < 0.01) between azooxanthellate and zooxanthellate corals was found for odd-chain and methyl-branched saturated FA, 18:1n-7,
and 7-Me-16:1n-10; that indicated the presence of an advanced bacterial community in azooxanthellate corals. The zooxanthellate
species were distinguished by significant amounts of 18:3n-6, 18:4n-3, and 16:2n-7 acids, which are proposed as the markers
of zooxanthellae in soft corals. Contrary to the normal level of 24:5n-6 (9.4%) and 22:4n-6 (0.6%), unexpected low concentrations
of 24:5n-6 (0.4%) accompanied by a high content of 22:4n-6 (up to 11.9%) were detected in some specimens. The presence of
an unknown factor in octocorals, specific for n-6 PUFA, which inhibited elongation of 22:4n-6 to 24:4n-6, is conjectured. 相似文献
25.
Dmitry N. Kaluzhny Dr. Victor V. Tatarskiy Jr. Lyubov G. Dezhenkova Dr. Irina L. Plikhtyak Dr. Tatyana D. Miniker Dr. Anna K. Shchyolkina Dr. Sergey A. Strel'tsov Dr. Ghermes G. Chilov Dr. Fedor N. Novikov Dr. Irina Yu. Kubasova Dr. Zoya S. Smirnova Dr. Stalina Ya. Mel'nik Dr. Mikhail A. Livshits Dr. Olga F. Borisova Dr. Alexander A. Shtil Dr. 《ChemMedChem》2009,4(10):1641-1648
Novel indolocarbazole derivative 12‐(α‐L ‐arabinopyranosyl)indolo[2,3‐α]pyrrolo[3,4‐c]carbazole‐5,7‐dione (AIC) demonstrated high potency (at submicromolar concentrations) against the NCI panel of human tumor cell lines and transplanted tumors in vivo. In search of tentative targets for AIC, we found that the drug formed high affinity intercalative complexes with d(AT)20, d(GC)20 and calf thymus DNA (binding constants (1.6×106) M ?1≤Ka≤(3.3×106) M ?1). The drug intercalated preferentially into GC pairs of the duplex. Importantly, the concentrations at which AIC formed the intercalative complexes with DNA (C≤1 μM ) were identical to the concentrations that triggered p53‐dependent gene reporter transactivation, the replication block, the inhibition of topoisomerase I‐mediated DNA relaxation and death of HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells. We conclude that the formation of high affinity intercalative complexes with DNA is an important factor for anticancer efficacy of AIC. 相似文献
26.
Olga Nazarova Eugenia Chernova Anatoliy Dobrodumov Yulia Zolotova Marina Bezrukova Tatyana Nekrasova Elena Vlasova Eugeniy Panarin 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(17):50272
New copolymers of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine with 2-Deoxy-2-methacrylamido-D-glucose, N-vinylpyrrolidone, and N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide were synthesized and characterized; the obtained copolymers contained 10–50 mol% of phosphorylcholine moieties, and their molecular masses ranged from 1.05 × 105 to 4.40 × 105. Reactivity ratios of the monomers were estimated. Conformational states of the copolymers in aqueous solutions were studied. The synthesized copolymer was grafted onto the surface of carbon fiber biosorbent using γ-radiation. 相似文献
27.
Marina Y. Khodanovich Andrey E. Akulov Tatyana V. Ananina Marina S. Kudabaeva Anna O. Pishchelko Elena P. Krutenkova Nikolay M. Nemirovich-Danchenko Mikhail V. Svetlik Yana A. Tumentceva Chris Van den Haute Rik Gijsbers Veronique Daniëls Irina Thiry Alexandra G. Pershina Maria M. Shadrina Anna V. Naumova 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(23)
(1) Background: Neurogenesis is considered to be a potential brain repair mechanism and is enhanced in stroke. It is difficult to reconstruct the neurogenesis process only from the histological sections taken from different animals at different stages of brain damage and restoration. Study of neurogenesis would greatly benefit from development of tissue-specific visualization probes. (2) Purpose: The study aimed to explore if overexpression of ferritin, a nontoxic iron-binding protein, under a doublecortin promoter can be used for non-invasive visualization of neurogenesis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (3) Methods: Ferritin heavy chain (FerrH) was expressed in the adeno-associated viral backbone (AAV) under the doublecortin promoter (pDCX), specific for young neurons, in the viral construct AAV-pDCX-FerrH. Expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was used as an expression control (AAV-pDCX-eGFP). The viral vectors or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were injected intracerebrally into 18 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Three days before injection, rats underwent transient middle-cerebral-artery occlusion or sham operation. Animals were subjected to In vivo MRI study before surgery and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after injection using a Bruker BioSpec 11.7 T scanner. Brain sections obtained on day 28 after injection were immunostained for ferritin, young (DCX) and mature (NeuN) neurons, and activated microglia/macrophages (CD68). Additionally, RT-PCR was performed to confirm ferritin expression. (4) Results: T2* images in post-ischemic brains of animals injected with AAV-pDCX-FerrH showed two distinct zones of MRI signal hypointensity in the ipsilesioned hemisphere starting from 14 days after viral injection—in the ischemic lesion and near the lateral ventricle and subventricular zone (SVZ). In sham-operated animals, only one zone of hypointensity near the lateral ventricle and SVZ was revealed. Immunochemistry showed that ferritin-expressing cells in ischemic lesions were macrophages (88.1%), while ferritin-expressing cells near the lateral ventricle in animals both after ischemia and sham operation were mostly mature (55.7% and 61.8%, respectively) and young (30.6% and 7.1%, respectively) neurons. RT-PCR confirmed upregulated expression of ferritin in the caudoputamen and corpus callosum. Surprisingly, in animals injected with AAV-pDCX-eGFP we similarly observed two zones of hypointensity on T2* images. Cellular studies also showed the presence of mature (81.5%) and young neurons (6.1%) near the lateral ventricle in both postischemic and sham-operated animals, while macrophages in ischemic lesions were ferritin-positive (98.2%). (5) Conclusion: Ferritin overexpression induced by injection of AAV-pDCX-FerrH was detected by MRI using T2*-weighted images, which was confirmed by immunochemistry showing ferritin in young and mature neurons. Expression of eGFP also caused a comparable reduced MR signal intensity in T2*-weighted images. Additional studies are needed to investigate the potential and tissue-specific features of the use of eGFP and ferritin expression in MRI studies. 相似文献
28.
Correlation of structural characterization and viscosity measurements with total unsaturation: An effective method for controlling ozonation in the preparation of ozonated grape seed and sunflower oils 下载免费PDF全文
29.
30.
Konstantin V. Pochivalov Alexander N. Shilov Tatyana N. Lebedeva Anna N. Ilyasova Roman Yu. Golovanov Andrey V. Basko Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(15):50196
A detailed study of butyl rubber-based vibration damping formulations linking their composition, morphology, phase structure, viscosity, mechanical loss factor, and other characteristics is presented for the first time. High performance of the compositions including aromatic petroleum oil is explained by limited solubility of the plasticizer that leads to the formation of a highly-viscous emulsion (η20°C ≈ 1000 Pa·s) consisting of a swollen butyl rubber matrix and dispersed oil droplets in the broad composition range. Chalk is found to be the best inorganic filler as its spherical particles provide strong adhesion to the reinforcing layer of aluminum foil. Aiming to eliminate ecologically unfriendly aromatic compounds, a new low-cost binding agent formulation based on butyl rubber mixed with polyisobutylene and highly refined mineral oil is suggested. Being environmentally safe, it possesses high viscosity of 1000–3000 Pa·s, cohesion strength of 3.5–5.0 N/cm, penetration of 4.5–6.0 mm, and mechanical loss factor up to 0.34 at room temperature, which are as good as, or even better than, the properties of currently produced vibration damping materials containing aromatic compounds. New materials can be used in car and aircraft parts for effective vibration isolation. 相似文献