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161.
This paper discusses some key principles and tools of safety management. Emphasis is placed on the process of establishing cost-effective solutions which meet the risk acceptance criteria and emergency preparedness requirements. The starting point for the discussion is the new regulations issued by the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate on risk analysis and emergency preparedness in the petroleum activities on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. 相似文献
162.
Terje Aven 《Microelectronics Reliability》1987,27(3)
In this paper the problem of optimal inspection and replacement of a coherent system with components having exponential life-time distributions is studied. It is assumed that the states of the components are known at system failures and through checking. The problem is formulated in a semi-Markovian decision process framework. 相似文献
163.
A closed form solution for the inverse kinematics of a PUMA robot manipulator is demonstrated to show the use of the algorithm presented in Part I. 相似文献
164.
This paper addresses the growing demand for finite-element software with capabilities to incorporate uncertainty in the input parameters. Reliability and response sensitivity algorithms are implemented in the general-purpose finite-element software OpenSees, which employs an object-oriented programming approach to achieve a sustainable software with focus on maintainability and extensibility. The product is a comprehensive and freely available library of software tools for finite-element reliability and response sensitivity analysis. A numerical example involving a detailed model of a highway bridge with inelastic material behavior and 320 random variables is presented to demonstrate features of the methodology and the software. Importance vectors are employed to rank the input parameters according to their relative influence on the structural reliability. The required response sensitivities are obtained by an extensive implementation of the direct differentiation method. 相似文献
165.
The welfare effects of introducing taxes on emissions of carbon dioxide is analysed within an empirical general equilibrium model of the Norwegian economy. A CO2 tax regime where we aim at stabilizing the CO2 emissions at the 1990 emission level in 2020 is compared to a reference scenario without such taxes. In the simulations introduction of CO2 taxes reduces gross domestic product, but increases net national real disposable income, private consumption and money metric utility. This difference in sign is due to a positive terms of trade effect; some of the CO2 taxes will be paid by foreigners through exports. The welfare effects differ from household to household depending on the composition of their total consumption. Poor households are less favourably affected than rich households, due to smaller budget shares for the rich households on consumer goods which imply relatively much CO2 emissions. 相似文献
166.
Demir V Araci IE Kropachev A Skotheim T Norwood RA Peyghambarian N 《Applied optics》2011,50(2):218-221
Ag/dielectric/Ag-type plasmonic thermal emitters (PTEs) following a hexagonal lattice were fabricated, and their plasmonic emission spectrums were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Nanoamorphous carbon (NAC) is used as a dielectric layer. Doping NAC with various materials over a wide range of levels enables control of the resistivity of the composite films where MoSi(2) was selected as the dopant. Wavelength tuning in the range of 4-7 μm is demonstrated by changing the conductivity of the composite films as well as the lattice periodicity of the hexagonal lattice. We also tested the mechanical stability of the PTEs under mechanical strains. 相似文献
167.
Jinquan Zhong Paolo Gardoni David Rosowsky Terje Haukaas 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2008,134(6):495-504
Probabilistic models are developed to predict the deformation and shear demands due to seismic excitation on reinforced concrete (RC) columns in bridges with two-column bents. A Bayesian methodology is used to develop the models. The models are unbiased and properly account for the predominant uncertainties, including model errors, arising from a potentially inaccurate model form or missing variables, measurement errors, and statistical uncertainty. The probabilistic models developed are akin to deterministic demand models and procedures commonly used in practice, but they have additional correction terms that explicitly describe the inherent systematic and random errors. Through the use of a set of “explanatory” functions, terms that correct the bias in the existing deterministic demand models are identified. These explanatory functions provide insight into the underlying behavioral phenomena and provide a means to select ground motion parameters that are most relevant to the seismic demands. The approach takes into account information gained from scientific/engineering laws, observational data from laboratory experiments, and simulated data from numerical dynamic responses. The demand models are combined with previously developed probabilistic capacity models for RC bridge columns to objectively estimate the seismic vulnerability of bridge components and systems. The vulnerability is expressed in terms of the conditional probability (or fragility) that a demand quantity (deformation or shear) will be greater than or equal to the corresponding capacity. Fragility estimates are developed for an example RC bridge with two-column bents, designed based on the current specifications for California. Fragility estimates are computed at the individual column, bent, and bridge system levels, as a function of the spectral acceleration and the ratio between the peak ground velocity and the peak ground acceleration. 相似文献
168.
Leszek Stepaniak Marco Gobbetti Terje Sørhaug Patrick F. Fox Peter Højrup 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1996,202(4):329-333
Peptides inhibitory to the 70-kDa endopeptidase (PepO) from the cytoplasm ofLactococcus lactis ssp.lactis MG1363 were isolated from the supernatant (pH 4.6) of chymosin, tryptic and -chymotryptic hydrolysates of-casein (-CN) by reversed-phase HPLC and identified by sequencing and mass spectrometry. Chymosin released-CN f193–209, kinetic constant (K
i) of which for inhibition of PepO was 60 M. This peptide also inhibited (K
i=1700 M) the 95-kDa aminopeptidase (PepN) fromL. lactis ssp.lactis MG 1363. Trypsin released two PepO-inhibitory peptides: one,-CN f69–97, was not degradable by PepO (K
i=4.7 M), while the other,-CN f141–163, was degradable by PepO but competitively inhibited hydrolysis of methionine enkephalin by PepO. A peptide,-CN f69–84, which inhibited PepO with aK
i of 8.1 M, was isolated from the -chymotryptic hydrolysate. Peptides released from-CN by trypsin or chymotrypsin had very little inhibitory activity against PepN. PepO degraded-CN f193–209 very slowly compared with the hydrolysis of methionine enkephalin. All four inhibitory peptides (-CN f193–209, f69–97, f69–84, f141–163) were readily degraded by thermolysin. 相似文献
169.
Svingen T Beverdam A Bernard P McClive P Harley VR Sinclair AH Koopman P 《Reproduction (Cambridge, England)》2007,133(5):983-989
During mouse embryogenesis, the fate of the bipotential gonads is sealed around 10.5 days post coitum (dpc) when the Y-linked gene Sry specifies the differentiation of testes in males, whereas in females, absence of Sry results in ovary formation. Apart from the pivotal action of Sry, many other genes are known to be involved in sex determination and subsequent differentiation. Much is still unknown regarding the regulatory hierarchy governing these events and many more sex differentiation genes are yet to be discovered. In this study, we investigated the expression of Tmem184a, a novel gene encoding a protein of unknown function, but with predicted kinase activity, during mouse embryogenesis. We show that Tmem184a is expressed at high levels in the developing testis from 11.5 dpc, a time of active proliferation and differentiation. Tmem184a expression is further shown to be expressed exclusively within the Sertoli cells of the developing testis cords, suggesting that it may mediate sex-specific signaling events during Sertoli cell differentiation. 相似文献