Bildung von Benzaldehyd aus Phenylalanin und N-Acetylphenyl?thylamin beim Erhitzen unter Einwirkung von Luft

Zusammenfassung Erhitzt man Phenylalanin, N-Acetylphenyläthylamin oder N-Glycyl-phenylalanin alleine oder mit Triglyzeriden in Gegenwart von Luft auf Temperaturen um 190–200° C, so wird Benzaldehyd gebildet.

---

Formation of benzaldehyde from phenylalanine and phenylethylamine by heating under air blast

Summary Benzaldehyde is formed when phenylalanine, n-acetyl-phenylethylamine or n-glycyl-phenylalanine alone or with triglycerides in presence of air are heated to a temperature of nearly 190–200° C.

     

The cation distribution between five- and six-coordinated sites in some (Mg,Me)3(PO4)2) solid solutions

Approximate homogeneity ranges at about 1073 K have been determined for some (Mg,$\text{Me}$)₃(PO₄)₂ solid solutions. X-ray powder diffraction data are given and the observed changes in unit cell dimensions are discussed. The Mg₃(PO₄)₂ structure, isotypic with γ-Zn₃(PO₄)₂, contains five- and six-coordinated cation sites, M1 and M2 respectively. The M1 site preference order is Zn²⁺ > Co²⁺ > Fe²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Mn²⁺.     

The metabolic effects of excess noradrenaline secretion from a pheochromocytoma

We report a 14-year-old boy with severe hypertension who was cured by surgical removal of a pheochromocytoma. The tumor was shown biochemically and morphologically to secrete predominantly noradrenaline. The metabolic effects noted in this patient were raised free fatty acid levels and depressed insulin levels, hyperreninemia, hypercalcemia, and hypercalciuria with normal parathyroid function. All these abnormalities returned to normal after removal of the tumor. It is suggested that these effects were mediated via beta-adrenergic stimulation of the excess noradrenaline.     

Industrielle Kristallisation – Moderne großtechnische Anlagen und Fallstudien

Industrial crystallization – Modern industrial plants and case studies . In the field of mass crystallization a number of advanced plant designs have been implemented in the past decade, and are exemplified in the crystallization of adipic acid and common salt, and in evaporation of aluminate liquor which is susceptible to encrustation. Assessment criteria are, inter alia, product qualities such as the purity achieved and the crystal size distribution, and operation parameters such as the duration of process flow and control behaviour. The significant increase in quality is largely attributable to the crystallizers, which have been optimized above all with regard to the crystal-size distribution and the duration of product flow.     

Umsetzung von Dihydroxyaceton mit Methylammoniumacetat Untersuchungen zur Maillard-Reaktion, X

Zusammenfassung Dihydroxyaceton reagiert mit Methylammoniumacetat in wäßriger Lösung beim Erhitzen rasch unter Bräunung. Von den mit Methylenchlorid extrahierbaren Produkten konnten die heterocyclischen Verbindungen 1 bis 30 isoliert und größtenteils identifiziert werden.

---

Reaction of dihydroxyacetone with methylammoniumacetate studies on the Maillard-Reaction, X

Summary By heating dihydroxyacetone and methylammoniumacetate in aqueous solution, a deeply brown coloured reaction mixture is obtained. The products extractable with methylenechlorid were separated. Several heterocyclic compounds (1–30) could be identified.

     

Pond and Irrigation Model (PIM): a Tool for Simultaneously Evaluating Pond Water Availability and Crop Irrigation Demand

Agricultural ponds are an important alternative source of water for crop irrigation to conserve surface and ground water resources. In recent years more such ponds have been constructed in Mississippi and around the world. There is currently, however, a lack of a tool to simultaneously estimate crop irrigation demand and pond water availability. In this study, a Pond-Irrigation Model (PIM) was developed to meet this need using STELLA (Structural Thinking, Experiential Learning Laboratory with Animation) software. PIM simulated crop land and agricultural pond hydrological processes such as surface runoff, soil drainage, and evapotranspiration as well as crop irrigation demand and pond water availability. More importantly, PIM was able to decide when to conduct crop irrigation based on management allowable depletion (MAD) root zone soil water content and to determine optimal ratios of agricultural pond size to crop land with sufficient pond water available for crop irrigation. As a case demonstration, the model was applied to concomitantly estimate row crops (i.e., corn, cotton, and soybeans) water irrigation demand and pond water availability in a farm located at East-central Mississippi. Simulations revealed that corn used more soil water for growth than soybeans, whereas soybeans needed more irrigation water than corn and occurred due to less rainwater available for soybeans growth. We also found that there was one time for corn, zero time for cotton, and two times for soybeans when the pond water level was drawn to near zero for irrigation from 2005 to 2014. PIM developed in this study is a useful tool for estimating crop irrigation demand and pond water availability simultaneously.