When laws and values conflict: A dilemma for psychologists.

Results from a questionnaire completed by 60 senior psychologists show that a majority had intentionally broken a law or formal ethical principle in light of a client's welfare or other deeper value. Such instances include refusing to report child abuse, illegally divulging confidential information, engaging in sex with a client, and refusing to make legally mandated warnings regarding dangerous clients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Element Transfer Behaviors of Fused CaF2-SiO2-MnO Fluxes Under High Heat Input Submerged Arc Welding

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Submerged arc welding is conducted employing CaF2-SiO2-MnO fluxes with varying MnO content under high heat input of 60 kJ/cm using EH36...     

Element Transfer Behaviors of Fused CaF2-SiO2 Fluxes Subject to High Heat Input Submerged Arc Welding

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - A series of fused CaF2-SiO2 binary fluxes have been developed to investigate element transfer behaviors under high heat input submerged arc welding....     

Nanofluidic biosensing for beta-amyloid detection using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Trace detection of the conformational transition of beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) from a predominantly alpha-helical structure to beta-sheet could have a large impact in understanding and diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. We demonstrate how a novel nanofluidic biosensor using a controlled, reproducible surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy active site was developed to observe Abeta in different conformational states during the Abeta self-assembly process as well as to distinguish Abeta from confounder proteins commonly found in cerebral spinal fluid.     

Stabilization of an optical microscope to 0.1 nm in three dimensions

Mechanical drift is a long-standing problem in optical microscopy that occurs in all three dimensions. This drift increasingly limits the resolution of advanced surface-coupled, single-molecule experiments. We overcame this drift and achieved atomic-scale stabilization (0.1 nm) of an optical microscope in 3D. This was accomplished by measuring the position of a fiducial mark coupled to the microscope cover slip using back-focal-plane (BFP) detection and correcting for the drift using a piezoelectric stage. Several significant factors contributed to this experimental realization, including (i) dramatically reducing the low frequency noise in BFP detection, (ii) increasing the sensitivity of BFP detection to vertical motion, and (iii) fabricating a regular array of nanometer-sized fiducial marks that were firmly coupled to the cover slip. With these improvements, we achieved short-term (1 s) stabilities of 0.11, 0.10, and 0.09 nm (rms) and long-term (100 s) stabilities of 0.17, 0.12, and 0.35 nm (rms) in x, y, and z, respectively, as measured by an independent detection laser.     

Design and synthesis of metal-carboxylate frameworks with permanent microporosity

Metal-carboxylate clusters are ideally suited as secondary building units (SBU) for the assembly of extended open frameworks. Examples extracted from the chemistry of the multidentate building block 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (BDC) show that Zn(BDC) clusters lead to the formation of rigid, stable and truly microporous metal-carboxylate networks. Gas sorption isotherms measured for this class of materials show type (I) gas uptake that is analogous to those observed for zeolites and molecular sieves. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Fuzzy rough set techniques for uncertainty processing in a relational database

This paper concerns the modeling of imprecision, vagueness, and uncertainty in databases through an extension of the relational model of data: the fuzzy rough relational database, an approach which uses both fuzzy set and rough set theories for knowledge representation of imprecise data in a relational database model. The fuzzy rough relational database is formally defined, along with a fuzzy rough relational algebra for querying. Comparisons of theoretical properties of operators in this model with those in the standard relational model are discussed. An example application is used to illustrate other aspects of this model, including a fuzzy entity–relationship type diagram for database design, a fuzzy rough data definition language, and an SQL‐like query language supportive of the fuzzy rough relational database model. This example also illustrates the ease of use of the fuzzy rough relational database, which often produces results that are better than those of conventional databases since it more accurately models the uncertainty of real‐world enterprises than do conventional databases through the use of indiscernibility and fuzzy membership values. ©2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Virgin Queen Mandibular Gland Signals of Apis mellifera capensis Change with Age and Affect Honeybee Worker Responses

The mandibular gland secretions of Apis mellifera capensis virgin queens were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. Changes in the patterns of the mandibular gland volatiles of A. m. capensis virgin queens were followed from emergence until 14-d old. Ontogenetic changes in the mandibular gland secretions were largely quantitative in nature, delineating the age categories (global R = 0.612, P = 0.001), except for 7- and 14-d-old queens, which cannot be separated on their mandibular gland profiles (P = 0.2). (E)-9-Oxodec-2-enoic acid (9ODA) contributes most and most consistently to the dissimilarity between groups as well as the similarity within groups. Worker reactions to introduced virgin queens of various ages were recorded. Workers showed a significant increase in hostile reactions as queens aged (r = 0.615, N = 20, P < 0.05). Consequently, worker reactions and relative 9ODA production exhibit a positive queen age-dependent response.     

Fabrication of TiO2-Organic Hybrid Dot Arrays Using Nanosecond Laser Interference Lithography

Laser interference lithography is an established fabrication technique for periodic arrays such as photonic crystals (PCs). In this paper, we report the fabrication of a TiO₂-organic hybrid periodic array by nanosecond laser interference lithography. TiO₂-organic hybrid films were prepared from titanium tetra- n -butoxide and 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl acetoacetate (MEAcAc) by the sol–gel method. The films were irradiated by using 10 ns pulses of 355 nm diffracted light from a Nd:yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser. The complexes formed by the Ti alkoxide and the MEAcAc were decomposed by laser irradiation, and the irradiated parts remained as periodic dot arrays on the substrate after the development. The two-dimensional array of this TiO₂-organic hybrid material was calcined at 450°C and formed an anatase TiO₂ dot array. The refractive index measured was 2.00. These dots were crack free and adherent to the substrate.