Ultrasound‐based,in‐line monitoring of anaerobe yeast fermentation: model,sensor design and process application

In order to implement process analytical technology in beer manufacturing, an ultrasound‐based in‐line sensor was developed which is capable to determine sound velocity and density via the multiple reflection method. Based on a systematic study of the ternary system water–maltose–ethanol, two models were established to estimate the critical process parameters: sugar and ethanol mass fraction. The sound velocity‐based model showed unreasonable high errors although temperature variations and deviations due to dissolved CO₂ were corrected. In contrast, the sound velocity–density–temperature model provided an average root mean square error of 0.53%g/g sugar and 0.26%g/g ethanol content for the main fermentation. Method, sensor and model showed the capability to capture the process signature which may be related to product and process quality.     

用于连铸漏钢坯壳的三维厚度检测技术

利用激光扫描仪精确检测漏钢发生后坯壳的厚度。坯壳厚度的变化与结晶器热监测数据有关。详细的三维厚度扫描证实结晶器里可能发生坯壳厚度局部变化。结合结晶器热监测数据,厚度变化的根本原因被确认。以DSP高速薄板连铸机的两个漏钢实例为例,讨论了漏钢坯壳。第一次漏钢与宽边的大型夹杂物有关。第二次漏钢发生在窄边,与局部坯壳变薄和错误的锥度设定有关。这两种情况中,漏钢都与坯壳厚度的局部减少有关。结晶器相应位置的坯壳温度降低,说明钢水和结晶器铜板之间产生气隙或绝缘层。用CON1D计算,证实了绝缘层的存在。应用CON1D有助于更好地理解导致这类漏钢产生的原因或行为。     

Discrediting in a Message Board Forum: The Effects of Social Support and Attacks on Expertise and Trustworthiness

Given the prevalence of online media today, credibility continues to be a popular subject of empirical research. However, studies examining the effects of discrediting strategies are rare. This issue is significant given the popularity of online media and the ease of such sources to spread misinformation. Therefore, the present study examines the effects of attacking the expertise and trustworthiness of a proponent of a major social issue. Results showed that support as well specific combinations of discrediting attack strategies significantly reduced message board readers' perceptions of the proponent's credibility. In addition, attacks on either the proponent's expertise or trustworthiness resulted in a reduced likelihood of readers taking action with respect to the issue.     

Capitalizing on the Koran to fuel online violent radicalization: A taxonomy of Koranic references in ISIS’s Dabiq

The current study set out to investigate to what extent ISIS is bolstering its jihadist ideology on a ‘cut-and-paste’ or ‘cherry-picked’ version of Islam in their renowned online propaganda magazine Dabiq. The main objective was to examine in a systematic and quantitative way to what extent ISIS utilizes the Koran in an atomistic, truncated and tailored manner to bolster its religious legitimacy. A total of 15 issues of Dabiq and 700 Koranic references were scrutinized. By means of a quantitative analysis we developed an innovative taxonomy of Koranic chapters and verses (i.e. surahs and ayat, respectively) on the basis of their appearance in Dabiq. Our large-scale data analysis provide consistent empirical evidence for severe decontextualization practices of the Koran in three ways: (1) a thin, Medinan-dominated religious layer, (2) ayah mutilation, and (3) clustered versus exclusive mentions. Limitations and implications for future research, policy makers and CVE initiatives are discussed.     

Micro-CT-based identification of double porosity in fired clay ceramics

Optimizing thermal and mechanical properties of clay block masonry requires detailed knowledge on the microstructure of fired clays. We here identify the macro- and microporosity stemming from the use of three different pore-forming agents (expanded polystyrene, sawdust, and paper sludge) in different concentrations. Micro-CT measurements provided access to volume, shape, and orientation of macropores, and in combination with X-ray attenuation averaging and statistical analysis, also to voxel-specific microporosities. Finally, the sum of micro- and macroporosity was compared to corresponding data gained from two statistically and physically independent methods (namely from chemical analysis in combination with weighing, and from mercury intrusion porosimetry). Satisfactory agreement of all these independently gained experimental data renders our new concept for identifying the pore spaces of fired clay as a very promising tool supporting the further optimization of clay blocks.     

Influence of malting and lactic acid fermentation on functional bioactive components in cereal‐based raw materials: a review paper

Driven by increased health awareness among consumers, the production of foods and beverages enriched with functional bioactive components is gaining more attention. Malting and lactic acid fermentation are biotechnological processes having potential for producing functional foods and beverages. Due to various biochemical and enzymatic induced changes in raw materials, malting of cereal grains and probiotic lactic acid fermentation of plant‐based media increases the nutritional quality of treated raw materials. The improved nutritional quality is attributed to the accumulation of functional bioactive components along with the degradation of anti‐nutritional components. The selection of raw materials and process parameters are important factors to be considered for increasing the functional bioactive components such as dietary fibres, antioxidants and probiotics. This review article reports the current knowledge on the changes of bioactive components during malting and lactic acid fermentation using probiotic bacterial strains. Process parameters which affect the concentration of bioactive components in raw materials will also be described.     

Investigations of ductile damage during the process chains of toothed functional components manufactured by sheet-bulk metal forming

Sheet-bulk metal forming processes combine conventional sheet forming processes with bulk forming of sheet semi-finished parts. In these processes the sheets undergo complex forming histories. Due to in- and out-of-plane material flow and large accumulated plastic strains, the conventional failure prediction methods for sheet metal forming such as forming limit curve fall short. As a remedy, damage models can be applied to model damage evolution during those processes. In this study, damage evolution during the production of two different toothed components from DC04 steel is investigated. In both setups, a deep drawn cup is upset to form a circumferential gearing. However, the two final products have different dimensions and forming histories. Due to combined deep drawing and upsetting processes, the material flow on the cup walls is three-dimensional and non-proportional. In this study, the numerical and experimental investigations for those parts are presented and compared. Damage evolution in the process chains is simulated with a Lemaitre damage criterion. Microstructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy is performed in the regions with high mechanical loading. It is observed that the evolution of voids in terms of void volume fraction is strongly dependent on the deformation path. The comparison of simulation results with microstructural data shows that the void volume fraction decreases in the upsetting stage after an initial increase in the drawing stage. Moreover, the concurrent numerical and microstructural analysis provides evidence that the void volume fraction decreases during compression in sheet-bulk metal forming.