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971.
The original Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (SCQ; T. H. Brandon & T. B. Baker, 1991) measured college students' outcome expectancies for cigarette smoking. A version (SCQ-Adult) was needed for assessing expectancies in more typical, older, nicotine-dependent smokers. Two separate versions of the SCQ were developed and compared. Tests of construct validity provided greater support for the version comprising probability items over the version comprising subjective expected utility items. As expected, principal components analyses revealed a greater number of factors than the original SCQ suggesting that expectancies become more specific with smoking experience. All scales showed good reliability. Over the course of smoking cessation treatment, expectancies became less positive, especially for abstaining participants. Other validity tests also tended to be consistent with research on alcohol expectancies and with contemporary models of drug outcome expectancies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
972.
The spatial distribution measurements of laser radiation, scattered in the laser spark, were accomplished for various laser radiation wavelengths (1060, 530, 353, and 265 nm) and various pressures of the gas (air at 10-760 mm Hg). The interference structure of the laser light scattering cone behind the laser spark was observed for the first time. It is proposed to consider the observed structure as a result of interference of the laser radiation, scattered by two or more self-focusing centers in laser spark air plasma. The experimental dependence of the maximal angle of the light scattering on the gas pressure and on the laser radiation wavelength was obtained 相似文献
973.
V. Sandu S. Popa Elena Cimpoiasu 《Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism》1996,9(5):487-492
The paraconductivity of Li-doped YBa2Cu3O7?x was measured. We have found that the character of the fluctuation changes as lithium content increases: instead of a crossover from 2D to 3D behavior (D is the dimensionality), as we have observed for a low doping level, a double crossover to the 2D percolative and 3D percolative regimes becomes manifest by increasing the lithium content. 相似文献
974.
A. I. Ponomarev V. I. Tsidilkovski K. R. Krylov T. B. Charikova A. A. Lakhtin L. I. Leonyuk 《Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism》1996,9(1):27-32
The anisotropy of the resistivity and thermoelectric power (TEP)S of Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4?δ single crystal (T c =17 K) has been investigated. In the temperature rangeT c <T<300 K the ratioρ c/ρab≈104 and the dependencesρ ab (T) andρ c (T) change from quadratic to linear atT~200 K. The dependencesS ab (T) andS c (T) reach a maximum atT>T c and then decrease almost linearly with increasing temperature, changing sign from positive to negative nearT~ 150 K. The features of the resistivity and TEP temperature dependences (the lawρ∝T 2 changing toρ∝T, the change in the sign of S with temperature, and the low TEP anisotropy at largeρ anisotropy) have been interpreted in the framework of the narrow-band model. 相似文献
975.
Wistar rats, eight days old, were subjected to permanent bilateral forebrain ischemia, followed by hypoxia for 15 minutes. A cerebral infarct, mainly involving the cerebral neocortex, hippocampus, amygdala, striatum and subcortical white matter was produced. Neurons and glia showing punctate chromatin condensation and karyorrhectic cells were observed 12 hours after hypoxia-ischemia. Their number increased during the first two days and recruitment of cells with degenerating nuclei occurred until day five. In situ labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation stained many normal-appearing nuclei, as well as punctate chromatin condensations and nuclear fragments in karyorrhectic cells. Delayed neuronal death in the CA1 area of the hippocampus was observed after 20 minutes of transient forebrain ischemia in the adult gerbil. In situ labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation demonstrated stained punctate chromatin condensation in a few degenerating cells at 48 hours post-ischemia. Substantial labeling of CA1 neurons occurred in the fourth day. Agarose gel electrophoresis of extracted brain DNA from ischemic infant rats and adult gerbils showed a ladder-type pattern which is typical of nuclear DNA fragmentation into oligonucleosomal fragments (internucleosomal cleavage). These findings suggest that endonuclease(s) activation may play a role in cell death induced by different forms of hypoxia-ischemia. 相似文献
976.
V. I. Belousov G. G. Denisov N. Yu. Peskov 《Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves》1991,12(9):1035-1043
The article presents results of theoretical and experimental investigation of quasioptical multiplexer based on reflecting diffraction grating. Diffraction losses caused by reflection into mirror harmonic, and by angle divergence of wave beams are calculated. In an experimental multiplexer, wave beams with the frequencies 70 GHz and 79 GHz were mixed with power losses less than 1%. 相似文献
977.
S. V. Prokopchina 《Measurement Techniques》1992,35(8):886-892
Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 8, pp. 11–14, August, 1992. 相似文献
978.
This paper presents the problems in the implementation of multipoint connections at switching level using the example of an ATM switching network. By choosing the proper routeing mechanism and the appropriate architecture of the switching element, a switching network can gradually be adapted to an increasing share of multipoint traffic. The first section describes the problems with the handling of multipoint connections within a multiple stage connection oriented switching network. In particular this refers to the routeing of the cells through the switching network. Several alternatives on this issue are discussed. Both, the selected approach based on a differentiated self-routeing mechanism and the corresponding cell format are introduced. In the second part of this article several switch architectures are compared in respect of their multipoint capability. It is demonstrated that at present the most promising solution are switching elements based on the principle of central buffering. A single chip solution using this concept is employed in the presented switching network. 相似文献
979.
Gradient interpenetrating polymer networks 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The methods of synthesis and properties of gradient interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) are discussed based on literature
and authors' own experimental data. Gradient IPN can be treated as a sequence of an infinite number of layers of IPNs, whose
composition and properties vary gradually from the surface to the core of specimens. These are analysed the most important
properties of gradient IPNs: temperature transitions, thermodynamic and physico-mechanical characteristics and the main direction
of practical application of gradient IPN-based materials. 相似文献
980.