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51.
Tiago Bender Wermuth Mario Norberto Baibich Tania Maria Hubert Ribeiro Carlos Pérez Bergmann 《Ceramics International》2018,44(5):4758-4765
We studied the molar ratio effects of niobium and potassium precursors on the structure and morphology of potassium niobate powders prepared via microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis (MaHS). KNbO3 nanostructures in the form of nanotowers and nanocubes were obtained at reduced synthesis times (30–240 min). The products were characterized via XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and TEM; band gap calculations used diffuse reflectance data. The results indicate that KNbO3 nanostructures were obtained with crystallite sizes ranging from 33 to 52 nm. An orthorhombic crystalline structure was formed from the increase of KOH at a molar ratio Nb2O5:KOH (1:8 to 1:16 M). The band-gap of 3.1–3.3 eV has potential use in photodegradation applications. 相似文献
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53.
Morais HA Barbosa CM Fialho Lopes DC de Oliveira MC Silvestre MP 《Archivos latinoamericanos de nutrición》2002,52(1):77-83
The nutritional quality of protein hydrolysates has been related in several reports to their di- and tripeptide contents. In the present work different hydrolytic conditions were tested using papain in order to prepare casein hydrolysates with a suitable peptide profile for being used in special diets. The hydrolysates were fractionated by size-exclusion HPLC and the rapid Correct Fraction Area method was used for quantifying the peptides. Among the five hydrolytic conditions studied, three of them gave rise to preparations having nutritionally similar peptide profiles. However, the use of the temperature of 37 degrees C and enzyme:substrate ratio (E:S) of 2% may probably be the most economical condition for industrial production. 相似文献
54.
Oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions for cosmetic use, such as lotions and creams, are complex multiple-phase systems, which may contain a number of interacting surfactants, fatty amphiphiles, polymers and other excipients. This study investigates the influence of two synthetic cationic polymers, Polyquaternium-7 and Polyquaternium-11, and the natural anionic polymer, gum of acacia, on the rheology and microstructure of creams prepared with a non-ionic mixed emulsifier (cetyl stearyl alcohol-12EO/cetyl alcohol) using rheology (continuous shear, and viscoelastic creep and oscillation), microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A control cream containing no polymer was also investigated. The semisolid control cream was structured by a swollen lamellar gel network phase formed from the interaction of cetyl alcohol and the POE surfactant, in excess of that required to stabilize oil droplets, with continuous phase water. Endothermic transitions between 25 and 100 degrees C were identified as components of this phase. Incorporation of cationic polymer into the formulation caused significant loss of structure to produce a mobile semisolid containing larger oil droplets. The microscopical and thermal data implied that the cationic polymer caused the swollen lamellar gel network phase to transform into non-swollen crystals of cetyl alcohol. In contrast, incorporation of gum of acacia produced a thicker cream than the control, with smaller droplet sizes and little evidence of the gel network. Microscopical and thermal data implied that although there were also interactions between gum of acacia and both the surfactant and the swollen gel network phase, the semisolid properties were probably because of the ability of the gum of acacia to stabilize and thicken the emulsion in the absence of the swollen lamellar network. 相似文献
55.
Marcelo Sacardi Biudes Maísa Caldas Souza Nadja Gomes Machado Victor Hugo de Morais Danelichen José de Souza Nogueira 《International journal of remote sensing》2013,34(4):1540-1562
Semi-deciduous forest in the Amazon Basin is sensitive to temporal variation in surface water availability that can limit seasonal rates of leaf and canopy gas exchange. We estimated the seasonal dynamics of gross primary production (GPP) over 3 years (2005–2008) using eddy covariance and assessed canopy spectral reflectance using MODIS imagery for a mature tropical semi-deciduous forest located near Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil. A light-use efficiency model, known as the Vegetation Photosynthesis Model (VPM), was used to estimate seasonal and inter-annual variations in GPP as a function of the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), the land surface water index (LSWI), and local meteorology. Our results indicate that the standard VPM was incapable of reproducing the seasonal variation in GPP, primarily because the model overestimated dry-season GPP. In the standard model, the scalar function that alters light-use efficiency (εg) as a function of water availability (Wscalar) is calculated as a linear function of the LSWI derived from MODIS; however, the LSWI is negatively correlated with several measures of water availability including precipitation, soil water content, and relative humidity (RH). Thus, during the dry season, when rainfall, soil water content, and RH are low, LSWI, and therefore, Wscalar, are at a seasonal maximum. Using previous research, we derived new functions for Wscalar based on time series of RH and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) that significantly improved the performance of the VPM. Whether these new functions perform equally well in water stressed and unstressed tropical forests needs to be determined, but presumably unstressed ecosystems would have high cloud cover and humidity, which would minimize variations in Wscalar and GPP to spatial and/or temporal variation in water availability. 相似文献
56.
Yusuke Tokuyoshi Takashi Sekine Tiago da Silva Takashi Kanai 《Computer Graphics Forum》2013,32(7):315-324
This paper proposes an adaptive rendering technique for ray‐bundle tracing. Ray‐bundle tracing can be done by per‐pixel linked‐list construction on a GPU rasterization pipeline. This rasterization based approach offers significant benefits for the efficient generation of light maps (e.g., hardware acceleration, tessellation, and recycling of shaders used in real‐time graphics). However, it is inapplicable to large and complex scenes due to the limited capacity of the GPU memory because it requires a high‐resolution frame buffer and high‐capacity node buffer for the linked‐lists. In addition, memory overflow can potentially occur on the per‐pixel linked‐list since the memory usage of the lists is usually unknown before the rendering process. We introduce an adaptive tiling technique with memory usage prediction. Our method uses an appropriately tiled frame buffer, thus eliminating almost all of the overflow risks thanks to our adaptive tile subdivision scheme. Using this technique, we are able to render high‐quality light maps of large and complex scenes which cannot be computed using previous ray‐bundle based methods. 相似文献
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58.
Closed-buckling structures have been opened by a focus ion beam process. Atomic force microscopy investigations prior to and after the opening have evidenced a significant increase of the maximum deflection of the buckling structures. These experimental results have been discussed in the framework of the Föppl-Von Karman theory of thin plates and are interpreted in terms of the existence of vacuum between the delaminated film and the substrate. The critical stress for buckling to occur is consequently modified taking into account this pressure mismatch. 相似文献
59.
S. Duarte A. Pena C. Delerue-Matos S. Morais M.B.P.P. Oliveira J.A. Pereira 《The Science of the total environment》2010,408(5):1195-1198
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of fungi, such as Penicillium verrucosum and Aspergillium spp., which has been found to have a wide number of potentially deadly toxic effects, and can enter the human organism through a variety of means. It then finds its way into the bloodstream and, after a lengthy process, is eventually excreted through the urine. It can thus be detected in its original form not only in blood samples but also in this biological medium. As such, and in an attempt to evaluate the exposure of the Portuguese population to this mycotoxin, morning urine samples were collected during the Winter of 2007, from each of five geographically distinct Portuguese locations — Bragança, Porto, Coimbra, Alentejo, and Algarve — and subjected to extraction by immunoaffinity columns and to OTA quantification through liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. Prevalent incidence was higher than 95% with Coimbra being the exception (incidence of 73.3%). In nearly all locations, the OTA content of most samples was found to be above the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.008 ng/ml. Indeed, excluding Coimbra, with an OTA content level of 0.014 ng/ml, all regions featured content values over 0.021 ng/ml. 相似文献
60.
R.S. Silva P.C. Morais H.S.L. Sullasi W.E.F. Ayta Fanyao Qu N.O. Dantas 《Journal of Alloys and Compounds》2009,483(1-2):204
The evidence of successful growth of Mn-doped PbS (Pb1−xMnxS) nanocrystals (NCs) in SiO2–Na2CO3–Al2O3–PbO2–B2O3 template, using the fusion method, is reported on in this study. The as-grown Pb1−xMnxS NC is characterized using optical absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance, and atomic force microscopy. The data are discussed in terms of two distinct scenarios, namely a core-doped and a shell-doped nanostructure. 相似文献