A multi-purpose Schrödinger-Poisson Solver for TCAD applications

We present the Vienna Schrödinger-Poisson Solver (VSP), a multi-purpose quantum mechanical solver for investigations on nano-scaled device structures. VSP includes a quantum mechanical solver for closed as well as open boundary problems on fairly arbitrary one-dimensional cross sections within the effective mass framework. For investigations on novel gate dielectrics VSP holds models for bulk and interface trap charges, and direct and trap assisted tunneling. Hetero-structured semiconductor devices, like resonant tunneling diodes (RTD), can be treated within the closed boundary model for quick estimation of resonant energy levels. The open boundary model allows evaluation of current voltage characteristics.     

A combined optical–wireless indoor communication system

This new combined optical–wireless indoor communication system provides an economic and flexible approach for local area networks mainly in large buildings or in a group of several buildings. The radiation from the radio base stations of mobile networks cannot penetrate into large buildings completely. That problem is more serious at higher frequencies. The present approach offers a good solution to this problem. In this approach the wireless communication serves small picocells which are interconnected by an optical backbone. The performance of the system is enhanced by assigning a specific radio frequency for each picocell which enables the transmission of the wireless channels without altering their modulation formats. This method allows for a simple, and low-cost indoor communication system.     

Comparison of deposition models for a TEOS LPCVD process

We present a comparison of models describing the pyrolytic deposition of SiO₂ with a low pressure chemical vapor deposition process. In order to meet industrial simulation requirements, e.g. accuracy and fast delivery of results, we present an overview of established and new models, their use within TCAD applications, and their best results which have been obtained by calibrations according to SEM measurements.     

Wireless Indoor Communications Using an Optical Highway

The wireless indoor communications system employing an optical backboneprovides an economic and flexible approach for local area networks in officebuildings. In this approach the wireless communication serves small picocellsthat are interconnected by optical highways. The performance of the system isenhanced by assigning specific subcarriers for the individual picocells whichenables the transmission of the radio channels without altering theirmodulation format. The reception is simplified by a direct optical-microwavemixing method providing simultaneous optical detection and frequency shifting.This method allows for simple and cost-effective radio nodes.     

On the failure mode in dry and hygrothermally aged short fiber-reinforced injection-molded polyarylamide composites by acoustic emission

The failure mode in injection-molded short glass (GF) and carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyarylamide (PAR) composites was studied on compact tension (CT) specimens in as-received (AR), hygrothermally aged (HA) and re-dried (RD) states, respectively, using acoustic emission (AE) and fractography. A significant difference was revealed in the failure manner characterized by the cumulative run, amplitude and energy distribution of the AE events as a function of the water content of the composites. Furthermore, a correlation was found between the cumulative AE events up to the maximum load and the fracture toughness of the composites. It was shown that the fracture response and thus the failure behavior of the water-saturated PAR composites can be restored by drying. This fact indicates that the water absorption and desorption are of a purely physical nature, i.e. they are reversible processes. It was established that chopped fiber-reinforced PAR composites fail by matrix deformation along with fiber/matrix debonding in the crack initiation, whereas fiber pull-out becomes dominant in the crack propagation range. Water uptake shifts both the AE amplitude and energy curves toward lower values, a phenomenon attributed to plastification of the PAR matrix by water.On leave from Institute of Machine Parts, Technical University of Budapest, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.On leave from School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.     

Produktionsintegrierter Umweltschutz — Verminderung von Reststoffen,gezeigt anhand ausgeführter Beispiele

Practical examples of production-related environmental protection and volume reduction in residual substances . Minimizing the volume of residual substances produced in chemical production processes is a matter of growing significance. One example is the production of toluylene diisocyanate where HCl gases generated as by-products are reclaimed by a special HCl electrolysis process and subsequently used in the production of precursors for toluylene diisocyanate. Another example is a combined disposal system for sewage sludge and for a particular chlorine-laden residue (a chlorinated hydrocarbon). Once this plant had gone on stream it was possible both to reduce considerably the volume of waste to be dumped in the landfill and to discontinue the incineration of the chlorinated hydrocarbon at sea.     

Functional properties of protein preparations from amaranth seeds in model system

The gross chemical composition and functional properties (solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties) of different amaranth protein preparations were studied in model systems and were compared to those of casein and soy protein isolates. Preparations of alkaline-soluble total protein, albumin, globulin, and glutelin-like alkaline-soluble residual protein were produced from two different types of defatted amaranth meals by extraction and fractionation. Although similarity can be shown between protein patterns of legumes (including soy) and amaranth, the emulsifying and foaming properties of amaranth protein preparations are relatively poor in comparison to the reference proteins, except foaming properties of albumin preparations. Nevertheless, taking in mind that these properties depend on interactions with other food components and textural requirements of individual food products, the amaranth protein preparations may be treated as potential protein sources and food ingredients.     

Which fluid space is affected by ultrafiltration during hemodiafiltration?

Ultrafiltration (UF) is a common procedure performed during almost all dialysis sessions. During UF, several liters of fluid are removed; however, what proportion of this fluid is removed from which fluid space could not be clinically measured easily until now; we designed this study to evaluate the fluid spaces most affected by UF. This is a prospective cohort study of 40 prevalent chronic hemodialysis patients receiving thrice weekly hemodiafiltration (HDF). We measured the patients' fluid spaces using a whole‐body bioimpedance apparatus to evaluate the changes of fluid spaces before and immediately after the HDF sessions. We recorded the data on fluid spaces, UF volume, and blood pressures. The cohort consisted of 40 prevalent HDF patients, aged 60.0 ± 5.2 years (37.5% men; 27.5% people with diabetes), and body weight 71.03 ± 15.48 kg. Achieved UF was 2.38 ± 0.98 L on HDF (measured fluid overload: 2.35 ± 1.44 L). The extracellular fluid (EC) volume decreased from 16.84 ± 3.52 to 14.89 ± 3.06 L (P < 0.0001) and intracellular fluid (IC) volume from 16.88 ± 4.40 to 16.55 ± 4.48 L (P = 0.45). Although urea volume of distribution remained effectively unchanged (31.38 ± 7.28 vs. 30.70 ± 7.32 L; P = 0.45), the degree of EC volume overload decreased from 13.60% ± 7.30% to 3.83% ± 8.32% (P < 0.0001). The mean arterial pressure also decreased from 122.95 ± 19.02 to 108.50 ± 13.91 mmHg (P < 0.0001). We conclude that source of net fluid loss by ultrafiltration is almost exclusively the EC fluid space. The intracellular fluid space is not significantly affected immediately after HDF.