Energy harvesting assisted cognitive radio: random location-based transceivers scheme and performance analysis

We consider spectrum-sharing scenario where coexist two communication networks including primary network and secondary network using the same spectrum. While the primary network includes directional multi-transceivers, the secondary network consists of relaying-based transceiver forwarding signals by energy harvesting assisted relay node. In cognitive radio, signals transmitted from secondary network are sufficiently small so that all of primary network receivers have signal to noise ratio (SNR) greater than a given threshold. In contrast, the transmitted signals from primary network cause increasing noise which is difficult to demodulate at secondary network nodes and hence it leads to the peak power constraint. In this paper, we focus on the influence of random location of transceivers at primary network using decode-and-forward protocol. Specifically, we derive closed-form outage probability expression of the secondary network under random location of transceivers and peak power constraint of primary network. This investigation shows the relationship between the fraction of energy harvesting time \(\alpha \) of time switching-based relaying protocol on outage probability of secondary network and throughput. In addition, we analyse the influence of the number of primary network transceivers as well as primary network’s SNR threshold on secondary network. Furthermore, the trade-off between increasing energy harvesting and rate was investigated under the effect of energy conversion efficiency. The accuracy of the expressions is validated via Monte-Carlo simulations. Numerical results highlight the trade-offs associated with the various energy harvesting time allocations as a function of outage performance.     

5kg TNT当量爆炸容器的研制

介绍了爆炸容器的设计方法 ,用此方法设计了一台 5kgTNT当量爆炸容器并对该容器进行了动态测试 ,测试结果表明 :该容器设计合理 ,工作安全、可靠     

Multiple-scattering suppression by cross correlation

We describe a new method for characterizing particles in turbid media by cross correlating the scattered intensity fluctuations at two nearby points in the far field. The cross-correlation function selectively emphasizes single scattering over multiple scattering. The usual dynamic light-scattering capability of inferring particle size from decay rate is thus extended to samples that are so turbid as to be visually opaque. The method relies on single-scattering speckle being physically larger than multiple-scattering speckle. With a suitable optical geometry to select nearby points in the far field or equivalently slightly different scattering wave vectors (of the same magnitude), the multiple-scattering contribution to the cross-correlation function may be reduced and in some cases rendered insignificant. Experimental results demonstrating the feasibility of this approach are presented.     

FCloSM,FGenSM: two efficient algorithms for mining frequent closed and generator sequences using the local pruning strategy

Mining frequent sequences in sequential databases are highly valuable for many real-life applications. However, in several cases, especially when databases are huge and when low minimum support thresholds are used, the cardinality of the result set can be enormous. Consequently, algorithms for discovering frequent sequences exhibit poor performance, showing an important increase in execution time, memory consumption and storage space usage. To address this issue, researchers have studied the tasks of mining frequent closed and generator sequences, as they provide several benefits when compared to the set of frequent sequences. One of the most important benefits is that the cardinalities of frequent closed and generator sequences are generally much less than the cardinality of frequent sequences. Hence, humans find it more convenient to analyze the information provided by closed and generator sequences. Moreover, it was shown that frequent closed sequences have the advantage of being lossless, and they thus preserve information about the frequency of all frequent subsequences, while generator sequences can provide higher accuracy for sequence classification tasks since they are the smallest patterns that characterize groups of sequences. Besides, frequent closed sequences can be combined with generators to produce non-redundant sequential rules and recover the complete set of frequent sequences and their frequencies. This paper proposes two novel algorithms named FCloSM and FGenSM to mine frequent closed and generator sequences efficiently. These algorithms are based on new pruning conditions called extended early elimination (3E) and early pruning techniques named EPCLO and EPGEN, designed to identify non-closed and non-generator patterns early. Based on these techniques, two local pruning strategies called LPCLO and LPGEN are proposed to eliminate non-closed and non-generator patterns more efficiently at two successive levels of the prefix search tree without performing subsequence relation checking. These theoretical results, which are the basis of FCloSM and FGenSM, are mathematically proved and are shown to be more general than those presented in previous work. Extensive experiments show that FCloSM and FGenSM are one to two orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art algorithms for discovering frequent closed sequences (CloSpan, BIDE, ClaSP and CM-ClaSP) and for mining frequent generators (FEAT, FSGP and VGEN), and that FCloSM and FGenSM consume much less memory.     

Separation of CO2/CH4 through carbon molecular sieve membranes derived from P84 polyimide

The separation of CO₂/CH₄ separation is industrially important especially for natural gas processing. In the past decades, polymeric membranes separation technology has been widely adopted for CO₂/CH₄ separation. However, polymeric membranes are suffering from plasticization by condensable CO₂ molecules. Thus, carbon molecular sieve membranes (CMSMs) with excellent separation performance and stability appear to be a promising candidate for CO₂/CH₄ separation. A commercially available polyimide, P84 has been chosen as a precursor in preparing carbon membranes for this study. P84 displays a very high selectivity among the polyimides. The carbonization process was carried out at 550–800 °C under vacuum environment. WAXD and density measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of carbon membranes. The permeation properties of single and equimolar binary gas mixture through carbon membranes were measured and analyzed. The highest selectivity was attained by carbon membranes pyrolyzed at 800 °C, where the pyrolysis temperatures significantly affected the permeation properties of carbon membranes. A comparison of permeation properties among carbon membranes derived from four commercially available polyimides showed that the P84 carbon membranes exhibited the highest separation efficiency for CO₂/CH₄ separation. The pure gas measurement underestimated the separation efficiency of carbon membranes, due to the restricted diffusion of non-adsorbable gas by adsorbable component in binary mixture.     

Motion planning for tree climbing with inchworm‐like robots

This paper proposes a global path‐ and motion‐planning algorithm that enables inchworm‐like robots to navigate their way up tree branches. The intuitive climbing space representation method proposed here greatly simplifies the path‐planning problem. The dynamic programming algorithm can be used to identify the optimal path leading to the target position in the target direction according to the constraints and requirements specified. The planned path can be applied in any tree‐climbing robot that utilizes the nonenclosure gripping method. An efficient motion‐planning algorithm for continuum inchworm‐like robots is then developed to enable them to climb along the planned path with a high degree of accuracy. In comparison with the method proposed in our previous study, the method proposed herein significantly improves consistency between the planned path and the motions of the robot, and therefore makes it more practical to implement the motion‐planning algorithm in trees of different shapes. The paper also describes hardware experiments in which the proposed planning algorithm is applied to enable inchworm‐like robots to climb real trees, thus validating the proposed planning algorithm in practice. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

高温钎料焊膏研究进展

针对高温钎料使用便利性的需求,综述了高温钎料焊膏的相关研究现状。介绍了焊膏各组分在焊膏制备和钎焊中的作用,阐述了镍基、铜基、银基、钛基和金基五种常用高温钎料及其焊膏的应用与发展趋势,为高性能高温钎料焊膏的开发提供了参考。     

线性电光效应引起晶体介电张量变化的简单表示

晶体的光折变效应已被广泛应用于全息存贮、四波混频及相位共轭光学中,这些研究不仅对单轴晶体,而且已涉及到双轴晶体,它们的基本原理均基于晶体中全息光栅的衍射原理,而光衍射效率的大小又与晶体线性电光效应引起的光频介电常数的变化有关。文献[2]曾考虑到晶体中电场的方向,给出了部分点群晶体介电张量的变化形式,本文导出线性电光效应作用下所有晶体介电张量变化的普遍表达式,给出主要光折变晶体所属点群的介电张量的变化矩阵。     

Biologically inspired tree‐climbing robot with continuum maneuvering mechanism

Treebot is the first tree‐climbing robot that is capable of climbing from a tree trunk to a branch. The robot employs several design principles adapted from arboreal animals, including claw gripping and inchworm locomotion, with a certain artificial optimization to achieve high maneuverability on irregular‐shaped trees. Treebot is composed of a pair of tree grippers that permits Treebot to attach to a wide variety of trees with a wide range of gripping curvature, and a novel continuum maneuvering structure that provides high maneuverability and adaptability. In the robot actuation, only five actuators are necessary. Although Treebot weighs only 600 gr, it has a payload capability of 1.75 kg, which is nearly three times its own weight. This paper describes the design process and specifically addresses the robot locomotion and optimization of gripping force. Experimental results demonstrate the robot's ability to climb trees with high maneuverability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

An improvement mechanism for heartbeat‐driven MAC synchronization in wireless body sensor network

This paper aims to improve the TDMA‐based Heartbeat‐Driven MAC (H‐MAC) protocol for WBAN. H‐MAC is designed to be used in star‐topology WBAN for time synchronization realization by using heartbeat rhythm information, instead of periodic synchronization beacons. H‐MAC therefore saves power of WBAN sensor nodes and reduces the negative effects of electromagnetic radiation on human health during the packet delivery process. To embed heartbeat rhythm information into different bio‐signals and check the peak values of wave forms can contribute to time synchronization for BSN. As the heart contracts via systole and relaxes via diastole, pulse is the number of times one's heart beats every minute and the number of pulses measured at different body parts is the same. However, blood vessels run over the whole human body and their distances away from the heart greatly vary in the same systole, leading to an imperceptible time difference and the synchronization problem. We propose to include the presently most mature method for time synchronization, Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol (FTSP), to deal with time differences.