基于云模型和模糊聚合的应急方案评估

应急方案评估是灾害应急响应中的重要环节.现有方法大都依赖于指挥员个人的知识和经验,而且不能综合不同领域专家的建议.因此,在分析和总结相关工作的基础上,引入云模型和模糊软集合对应急方案进行评估.对于给定的应急方案,首先基于云模型对不同领域专家的评价信息进行定性到定量的转换,然后利用模糊软集合对所有专家的定量评价信息进行聚合,得到综合评判结果.对比实例表明该方法的有效性,并可为应急决策提供理论指导和技术支持.     

Synthesis and properties of polyimide (containing naphthalene) nanocomposites with organo‐modified montmorillonites

2,7‐Bis(4‐aminophenoxy) naphthalene (BAPN), a naphthalene‐containing diamine, was synthesized and polymerized with a 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) to obtain a polyimide (PI) via thermal imidization. To enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer, PI–Montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared from a DMAc solution of poly(amic acid) and a DMAc dispersion of MMT, which were organo‐modified with various amounts of n‐dodecylamine (DOA) or cetylpyridium chloride (CPC). FTIR, XRD, and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) were used to verify the incorporation of the modifying agents into the clay structure and the intercalation of the organoclay into the PI matrix. Results demonstrated that the introduction of a small amount of MMT (up to 5%) led to the improvement in thermal stability and mechanical properties of PI. The decomposition temperature of 5% weight loss (T_d,5%) in N₂ was increased by 46 and 36°C in comparison with pristine PI for the organoclay content of 5% with DOA and CPC, respectively. The nanocomposites were simultaneously strengthened and toughened. The dielectric constant, CTE, and water absorption were decreased. However, at higher organoclay contents (5–10%), these properties were reduced because the organoclay was poorly dispersed and resulted in aggregate formation. The effects of different organo‐modifiers on the properties of PI–MMT nanocomposite were also studied; the results showed that DOA was comparable with CPC. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006     

On the mechanisms for drag reduction: A viscoelastic evaluation based on a bead-spring model

Two possible drag reduction mechanisms were examined by studying the viscoelastic effects of polymer solutions for the separate cases of oscillatory shear flow and elongational flow. The constitutive equation used was based on a modified dumbbell molecular model which predicts non-Newtonian viscosity and both the primary and the secondary normal stress differences. It can be shown that when this constitutive equation is arranged in the form of the Oldroyd model, the latter becomes a special case of this more general equation. The present results show that viscoelastic effects on the mean local rate of energy dissipation of a fluid element in an oscillatory motion are negligibly small. However, such effects introduce very large increases in the elongational viscosity as the stretching rate exceeds a certain limiting value and the flow time exceeds the terminal relaxation time of the fluid. The relative merits of these findings as possible explanations of turbulent drag reduction are briefly discussed.     

Preparation and characterization of a PMMA/Ce(OH)3, Pr2O3/graphite nanosheet composite

An easy process for the synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate)/Ce(OH)₃, Pr₂O₃/graphite nanosheet (PMMA/Ce(OH)₃, Pr₂O₃/NanoG) composite was developed. Graphite nanosheets (NanoG) were prepared by treating the expanded graphite with sonication in aqueous alcohol solution. The PMMA/Ce(OH)₃, Pr₂O₃/NanoG composites were prepared via in situ polymerization of MMA monomer in the presence of graphite nanosheets and Ce(OH)₃, Pr₂O₃ through reverse micelle template, in which the methyl methacrylate was designated as the oily phase. The composites were then dispersed with chloroform and coated on glass slides to form films. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the structure and dispersion of the graphite nanosheets and the composites. The results showed that the high-aspect-ratio structure of the nanosheets played an important role in forming a conducting network in the PMMA matrix. From thermogravimetric analysis, the introduction of graphite nanosheets and inorganic nanopartices exhibited a beneficial effect on the thermal stability of PMMA.     

锆莫来石材料的反应烧结机制和显微结构特征

研究了用锆英石和工业氧化铝合成锆莫来石材料的反应烧结过程和显微结构。结果表明，添加适量ＭｇＣｌ２·６Ｈ２Ｏ可以促进反应烧结进程。锆英石大颗粒完全分解以后形成ＺｒＯ２聚集体，结构中出现封闭气孔可能与ＺｒＯ２聚集体有密切关系。加入ＭｇＣｌ２·６Ｈ２Ｏ后锆莫来石材料显微结构的主要特征：ＺｒＯ２有聚集体和均匀分布两种赋存形式；封闭气孔一般与ＺｒＯ２聚集体相邻。     

基于Fisher字典学习稀疏表示的高光谱图像分类

近年基于稀疏表示的分类框架(Sparse Representation based Classification,SRC)在计算机视觉和模式识别领域取得了巨大成功,高光谱图像解译也逐渐引入稀疏表示方法。针对基于SRC的高光谱图像分类算法随机抽取训练样本构成字典较难捕获相似类别的相对差异性信息问题,提出采用Fisher字典学习方法增强相似类训练样本的可区分性。此外,考虑到高光谱图像具有较强空间相关性的特点,设计一种简单有效的投票策略进行类别判决。大量实验表明:基于Fisher字典学习的联合投票分类方法能够较好地改善高光谱分类精度。     

Low-pressure CO2 sorption in ammonium-based poly(ionic liquid)s

Ammonium-based ionic liquid monomers and their corresponding polymers [poly(ionic liquid)s] are synthesized and characterized for CO₂ sorption. The polymers have much higher CO₂ sorption capacities than the room-temperature ionic liquids and imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)s. For example, P[VBTMA][PF₆] with polystyrene backbone has a CO₂ sorption capacity of 10.67 mol%. The CO₂ sorption is selective over N₂ and O₂. The effects of cation, backbone, substituent, anion and crosslinking on CO₂ sorption are discussed. The sorption mechanism study indicates that CO₂ sorption by the poly(ionic liquid)s is a bulk and surface phenomenon.     

几种机器学习方法在黑色素瘤计算机辅助诊断中的性能比较

黑色素瘤的计算机辅助诊断是基于激光共聚焦扫描显微镜（CLSM）皮肤图像纹理特征, 并引入机器学习的技术, 为临床应用研发的一种能够准确、有效地识别在体恶性黑色素瘤新医学诊断方法, 将常用的基于机器学习的ID3、分类与回归树（CART）和AdaBoost三种算法应用于良恶性黑色素瘤图像的特征识别, 并对各种学习方法的性能进行比较。实验结果表明, AdaBoost算法具有较好的分类识别性能, 不但提高了恶性黑色素瘤早期诊断的准确度, 降低了良性黑色素瘤的误诊率, 而且为临床上早期发现和诊断提供了客观依据。     

基于多智能体的虚拟企业群协同生产调度模式研究

为了实现虚拟企业群的协同生产调度, 提高企业群整体运作水平, 建立了基于多智能体的虚拟企业群制造企业生产调度模型, 分析了生产计划调度及信息交互作用。在企业协同层, 提出了基于多目标和价格协商的供应商选择过程, 确定了合作伙伴的初选过程方法, 企业层采用了基于EDD+SCR规则组合确定企业任务分配, 并为所有订单任务确定交货期, 各车间层则根据企业层的生产计划进行车间生产调度安排。最后, 运用Swarm仿真软件平台对案例进行仿真分析, 验证了提出的生产调度模式可以有效提高各企业的车间负载率, 并使车间负载率在短时间内达到稳定状态, 从而合理有效地利用企业资源。     

弹性条缝筛网用聚氨酯弹性体的研制

采用预聚法常压浇注制备煤矿用聚氨酯筛网，考察了聚醚多元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯异构体种类、预聚体的NCO质量分数、扩链反应温度、后熟化温度及时间等条件对制筛网用的浇注型聚氨酯弹性体体系操作性能及物理性能的影响。实验表明，采用聚四氢呋喃二醇与聚氧化丙烯二醇的混合二醇(质量比为80：20)，制得的预聚体NCO质量分数控制在4．5％左右；再以MOCA和一种三官能度扩链剂的混合扩链剂进行扩链，制得的浇注型聚氨酯弹性体满足洗煤用筛网的性能要求。