Protein and methionine hydroxy analog for lactating cows

A 2 X 2 factorial experiment (protein 12.5 and 15.5; methionine hydroxy analog 0 and .125% dry matter) included 144 cows for one complete lactation, distributed over seven locations. Rations were formulated to the desired protein, methionine analog, and constant amounts of fiber 17%, sulfur .225%, calcium .6%, phosphorus .4%, and salt .5%. Treatment effects were not apparent for dry matter intake, daily milk and fat-corrected milk production, conversion of energy, and body weight changes. Conversion of dietary crude protein into milk protein was 34.5% for the low and 25.8% for the high protein ration. Methionine analon (0% = 2.54; .125% = 1.90). Effect of methionine analog was most apparent at low protein as 0 analog cows produced 247 kg fat, required 2.9 services/contraception, and had 156 days open whereas cows on other treatments (.125% analog and/or high protein) produced 264 kg fat, required 1.8 to 2.2 services/conception, and had 124 to 134 days open. Methionine analog response is discussed in relation to tuminal and postruminal effects as well as the interrelation with protein and energy.     

Tunable dispersion compensation at 40-Gb/s using a multicavity etalon all-pass filter with NRZ, RZ, and CS-RZ modulation

We present a multichannel tunable dispersion compensator (TDC) based on multicavity all-pass etalons that is capable of operation at 40 Gb/s. The device has a tuning range of +200/-220 ps/nm with a group delay ripple < /spl plusmn/5 ps over a channel bandwidth of 80 GHz, an overall loss of < 5.2 dB, very low insertion loss ripple, and can operate on any channel on a 200-GHz grid over the C-band. In addition, we present system performance results at 40 Gb/s using NRZ, RZ, and CS-RZ modulation, compensating up to 45 km of nonzero dispersion shifted fiber (NZDSF). Our results show that this device introduces very little excess system penalty with signal frequency drifts of up to 20 GHz when operated near the center of its tuning range. For single channel experiments with fiber, the system penalty increase versus signal detuning is more significant, but can be reduced by dynamically optimizing the device dispersion during detuning. Finally, we demonstrate simultaneous compensation of 4 channels across the C-band over 25 km of NZDSF.     

Teacher–student ethnicity and recommendations for special education referrals.

81 Black, 31 Hispanic, and 87 White teachers responded to a specially constructed case history, in which the ethnic background of the 10th-grade male student was varied, by indicating whether they felt he could be maintained in a classroom or should be referred for specialized services. Results indicate (a) no difference in referral recommendations by the student's ethnic background, (b) mean response differences by the ethnic background of the teacher, and (c) an interaction indicating that teachers responded to the case history by recommending referral of students whose ethnic background was identical to their own less frequently than they did students of other ethnic backgrounds. (4 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

RenderBots—Multi-Agent Systems for Direct Image Generation

The term stroke‐based rendering collectively describes techniques where images are generated from elements that are usually larger than a pixel. These techniques lend themselves well for rendering artistic styles such as stippling and hatching. This paper presents a novel approach for stroke‐based rendering that exploits multi‐agent systems. RenderBots are individual agents each of which in general represents one stroke. They form a multi‐agent system and undergo a simulation to distribute themselves in the environment. The environment consists of a source image and possibly additional G‐buffers. The final image is created when the simulation is finished by having each RenderBot execute its painting function. RenderBot classes differ in their physical behavior as well as their way of painting so that different styles can be created in a very flexible way.     

Validating a MCNPX model of Mg(Ar) and TE(TE) ionisation chambers exposed to 60CO gamma rays

For an accurate determination of the absorbed doses in complex radiation fields (e.g. mixed neutron-gamma fields), a better interpretation of the response of ionisation chambers is required. This study investigates a model of the ionisation chambers using a different approach, analysing the collected charge per minute as a response of the detector instead of the dose. The MCNPX Monte Carlo code is used. In this paper, the model is validated using a well-known irradiation field only: a (60)Co source. The detailed MCNPX models of a Mg(Ar) and TE(TE) ionisation chamber is investigated comparing the measured charge per minute obtained free-in-air and in a water phantom with the simulated results. The difference between the calculations and the measurements for the TE(TE) chamber is within +/-2% whereas for the Mg(Ar) chamber is around +7%. The systematic discrepancy in the case of Mg(Ar) chamber is expected to be caused by an overestimation of the sensitive volume.     

Confidence limits for Neyman type A-distributed events

The Neyman type A distribution, a generalised, 'contagious' Poisson distribution, finds application in a number of disciplines such as biology, physics and economy. In radiation biology, it best describes the distribution of chromosomal aberrations in cells that were exposed to neutrons, alpha radiations or heavy ions. Intriguingly, no method has been developed for the calculation of confidence limits (CLs) of Neyman type A-distributed events. Here, an algorithm to calculate the 95% CL of Neyman type A-distributed events is presented. Although it has been developed in response to the requirements of radiation biology, it can find application in other fields of research. The algorithm has been implemented in a PC-based computer program that can be downloaded, free of charge, from www.pu.kielce.pl/ibiol/neta.     

Surfaces with high solar reflectance and high thermal emittance on structured silicon for spacecraft thermal control

Presented here is an examination of unstructured and structured (by anisotropic etching), monocrystalline silicon wafers coated with sputter deposited aluminum and chemical vapor deposited silicon dioxide for high solar reflectance and high thermal emittance, respectively. The topography of the samples was characterized with optical and scanning electron microscopy. Optical properties were examined with reflectance and transmittance spectroscopy, partly by usage of an integrating sphere. The measurement results were used to estimate the equilibrium temperature of the surfaces in space. The suitability of the surfaces with high solar reflectance and high thermal emittance to aid in the thermal control of miniaturized, highly integrated components for space applications is discussed. A silicon dioxide layer on a metal layer results in a slightly lower reflectance when compared to surfaces with only a metal layer, but might be beneficial for miniaturized space components and modules that have to dissipate internally generated heat into open space. Additionally, it is an advantage to microstructure the emitting surface for enhanced radiation of excess heat.     

Clarifying the nature of the distinctiveness by domain interaction in conceptual structure: Comment on Cree, McNorgan, and McRae (2006).

The conceptual structure account of semantic memory (CSA; L. K. Tyler & H. E. Moss, 2001) claims that feature correlation (the degree to which features co-occur) and feature distinctiveness (the number of concepts in which a feature occurs) interact with domains of knowledge (e.g., living vs. nonliving) such that the distinctive features of nonliving things are more highly correlated than the distinctive features of living things. Evidence for (B. Randall, H. E. Moss, J. M. Rodd, M. Greer, & L. K. Tyler, 2004) and against this claim (G. S. Cree, C. McNorgan, & K. McRae, 2006) has been reported. This comment outlines the CSA, discusses Cree et al.'s (2006) critiques of the Randall et al. (2004) experiments and the CSA, and reports new analyses of property norm and behavioral data, which replicate the results reported by Randall et al. (2004). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)