Utility-based bandwidth allocation algorithm for heterogeneous wireless networks

In next generation wireless network (NGWN), mobile users are capable of connecting to the core network through various heterogeneous wireless access networks, such as cellular network, wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), and ad hoc network. NGWN is expected to provide high-bandwidth connectivity with guaranteed quality-of-service to mobile users in a seamless manner; however, this desired function demands seamless coordination of the heterogeneous radio access network (RAN) technologies. In recent years, some researches have been conducted to design radio resource management (RRM) architectures and algorithms for NGWN; however, few studies stress the problem of joint network performance optimization, which is an essential goal for a cooperative service providing scenario. Furthermore, while some authors consider the competition among the service providers, the QoS requirements of users and the resource competition within access networks are not fully considered. In this paper, we present an interworking integrated network architecture, which is responsible for monitoring the status information of different radio access technologies (RATs) and executing the resource allocation algorithm. Within this architecture, the problem of joint bandwidth allocation for heterogeneous integrated networks is formulated based on utility function theory and bankruptcy game theory. The proposed bandwidth allocation scheme comprises two successive stages, i.e., service bandwidth allocation and user bandwidth allocation. At the service bandwidth allocation stage, the optimal amount of bandwidth for different types of services in each network is allocated based on the criterion of joint utility maximization. At the user bandwidth allocation stage, the service bandwidth in each network is optimally allocated among users in the network according to bankruptcy game theory. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.     

Monotone submodular subset for sentiment analysis of online reviews

Neural Computing and Applications - Along with online social media’s prosperity, the amount of user-generated reviews dramatically increases. The kinds of text-based user-generated content...     

Microbiological analysis of bovine lymph nodes for the detection of Salmonella enterica

Bovine peripheral lymph nodes (LNs) have been identified as a potential source of Salmonella when trim containing these nodes is incorporated into ground beef. Studies examining the prevalence of Salmonella in peripheral LNs of cattle are few in number, and the microbiological methods used for these analyses have not been validated. Given that Salmonella contamination may be found on postintervention carcasses, it is important to understand the extent to which Salmonella contamination from surrounding adipose tissue is transferred to LN samples during sample preparation. To better understand the potential for crosscontamination, 906 LN samples were collected from postintervention carcasses and these, along with the corresponding adipose trim (AT), were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella. The results showed that the Salmonella prevalence in LNs and on AT was 0.8 and 5 % , respectively, but that it was possible to find AT positive for Salmonella contamination while the corresponding LNs were negative and vice versa. In order to examine the dynamics of cross-contamination between surface adipose tissue and LNs in the trimming process, inoculation studies were performed. The efficacy of LN submersion in boiling water as a means of surface sterilization and the effect of boiling on the viability of Salmonella contained within LN samples were also examined. The results showed that, on average, 23 to 43 % of the inoculated LN samples in this study were cross-contaminated by Salmonella on surrounding adipose tissue when present in the range of 10(1) to 10(2) CFU per sample; however, surface decontamination methods were very effective at removing Salmonella cross-contaminants in this range.     

Multi-beam cooperative frequency reuse for coordinated multi-point transmission

Coordinated multi-point (CoMP) joint transmission is considered in the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE)-advanced as a key technique to mitigate inter-cell interference and improve the cell-edge performance. To effectively apply CoMP joint transmission, efficient frequency reuse schemes need to be designed to support resource management cooperation among coordinated cells. However, most of the existing frequency reuse schemes are not suitable for CoMP systems due to not considering multi-point joint transmission scenarios in their frequency reuse rules. In addition, the restrictions of frequency resources in those schemes result in a high blocking probability. To solve the above two problems, a multi-beam cooperative frequency reuse (MBCFR) scheme is proposed in this paper, which reuses all the available frequency resources in each sector and supports multi-beam joint transmission for cell-edge users. Besides, the blocking probability is proved to be efficiently reduced. Moreover, a frequency-segment-sequence based MBCFR scheme is introduced to further reduce the inter-cell interference. System level simulations demonstrate that the proposed scheme results in higher cell-edge average throughput and cell-average throughput with lower blocking probability.     

Beyond property: Industrial estates and post-suburban transformation in Jakarta Metropolitan Region

Past studies on urbanization in East Asia in general and in Indonesia in particular have taken the edge of large cities as the extension of the metropolitan core where the zones of urban-rural transition take shape. The current article argues that the emergence of global cities and decentralization trends in the last decades have challenged this traditional conception. Jakarta Metropolitan Region (JMR) is beginning to join the global trend of post-suburbia, which refers to the decentralization of urban life to the outskirts of a metropolis. Several post-suburban elements in JMR are identified in this article, including planned deconcentration of hi-tech industries and multinational companies, followed by the growth of projects beyond land and property development, including suburban cultural centers with a Western flavor. Despite these commonalities, this article argues that post-suburbia in JMR has its own uniqueness due to the reduced carrying capacity of the metropolitan core, the persistent yet relatively passive influence of the state, symbiotic relations between the market and the public sector, and the privatization of planning rules.     

Cost-effectiveness analysis of risk-reduction measures to reach water safety targets

Identifying the most suitable risk-reduction measures in drinking water systems requires a thorough analysis of possible alternatives. In addition to the effects on the risk level, also the economic aspects of the risk-reduction alternatives are commonly considered important. Drinking water supplies are complex systems and to avoid sub-optimisation of risk-reduction measures, the entire system from source to tap needs to be considered. There is a lack of methods for quantification of water supply risk reduction in an economic context for entire drinking water systems. The aim of this paper is to present a novel approach for risk assessment in combination with economic analysis to evaluate risk-reduction measures based on a source-to-tap approach. The approach combines a probabilistic and dynamic fault tree method with cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). The developed approach comprises the following main parts: (1) quantification of risk reduction of alternatives using a probabilistic fault tree model of the entire system; (2) combination of the modelling results with CEA; and (3) evaluation of the alternatives with respect to the risk reduction, the probability of not reaching water safety targets and the cost-effectiveness. The fault tree method and CEA enable comparison of risk-reduction measures in the same quantitative unit and consider costs and uncertainties. The approach provides a structured and thorough analysis of risk-reduction measures that facilitates transparency and long-term planning of drinking water systems in order to avoid sub-optimisation of available resources for risk reduction.     

Continuous real-time monitoring of phosphine concentrations in air using electrochemical detectors interfaced by radio telemetry

This work involves the novel use of a radio telemetry-based system that continuously monitors phosphine using two different types of electrochemical detectors (ECD/RT). The ECD/RT units were used to monitor phosphine inside and at varying distances from large tobacco storage warehouses. A master controller unit transferred the data to a personal computer that received and displayed the data. Supervisory control and data acquisition software assimilated the data from each ECD/RT unit, displayed and updated it as new transmissions were received, and stored the data in secure databases. Phosphine concentrations outside five warehouses simultaneously under fumigation and at the facility boundaries were <0.3 parts per million (ppm). Phosphine levels ranged from 0 to 580 ppm inside sealed warehouses. A comparison was made between the data collected at an ECD/RT unit approximately 4 m downwind of a sealed warehouse and a colorimetric tube at the same location. The final phosphine concentration from the colorimetric method was 0.05 ppm and the average over the 20-minute collection period for the ECD/RT was 0.13 ppm. This system allows for continuous, remote monitoring around warehouses under fumigation and superior time resolution allowing timely response to fugitive emissions of phosphine.     

A Machine Vision System for Robust Sorting of Herring Fractions

Among the rest raw material in herring (Clupea harengus) fractions, produced during the filleting process of herring, there are high-value products such as roe and milt. As of today, there has been little or no major effort to process these by-products in an acceptable state, except for by manual separation and mostly mixed into low-value products. Even though pure roe and milt fractions can be sold for as much as ten times the value of the mixed fractions, the separation costs using manual techniques render this economically unsustainable. Automating this separation process could potentially give the pelagic fish industry better raw material utilization and a substantial additional income. In this paper, a robust classification approach is described, which enables separation of these by-products based on their distinct reflectance features. The analysis is conducted using data from image recordings of by-products delivered by a herring processing factory. The image data is divided into three respective classes: roe, milt, and waste (other). Classifier model tuning and analysis are done using multiclass support vector machines (SVMs). A grid search and cross-validation are applied to investigate the separation of the classes. Two-class separation was possible between milt/roe and roe/waste. However, separation of milt from waste proved to be the most difficult task, but it was shown that a grid search maximizing the precision—the true positive rate of the predictions—results in a precise SVM model that also has a high recall rate for milt versus waste.