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31.
Synthesis and hydrophilic property of polypropylene-graft-poly(polyethylene glycol-methacrylate) (PP-g-P(PEGMA)) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nobuo Kawahara Junji Saito Shingo Matsuo Hideyuki Kaneko Tomoaki Matsugi Norio Kashiwa 《Polymer Bulletin》2010,64(7):657-666
Polypropylene-graft-poly(polyethylene glycol-methacrylate) (PP-g-P(PEGMA)), which is a hydrophobic-hydrophilic graft copolymer, was synthesized by a combination of an atom transfer radical
polymerization (ATRP) of PEGMA with brominated polypropylene (PP-Br), which was synthesized from PP-OH prepared by metallocene-catalyzed
copolymerization. Its structure was confirmed by 1H NMR and GPC analyses. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs of PP-g-P(PEGMA) revealed the nanometer level microphase-separation morphology between the PP segment and the P(PEGMA) segment. The
obtained PP-g-P(PEGMA) showed water-absorbing property as well as thermostability. 相似文献
32.
The coalescence of two growing bubbles presents unique characteristics compared to static bubble coalescence. The gas injection flowrate significantly affects the different stages of bubble evolution, which is poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the flowrate effects on the lateral coalescence of two growing bubbles experimentally. The synchronous bubbling from adjacent needles is achieved using water to push air. During the bubble growth process, we find that the initial nonlinear evolution of bubble volume is because the bubble emerges as a small spherical cap with a large curvature radius and apparent contact angle. As the neck expands after bubble coalescence, the injection flowrate accelerates the neck evolution compared to the case without air injection. We find the neck expansion time decreases linearly with increasing flowrate, while the expansion speed increases with flowrate, but only in the early stage. Moreover, we propose a new theoretical expression that predicts the neck radius well at all the flowrates. At the post-coalescence oscillation stage, the average projection area of the coalesced bubble increases linearly with time, except for periodic oscillations. Besides, we find that the injected air primarily influences the coalesced bubble's height, which in turn affects the projection area. 相似文献
33.
Ruwan Gallage Atsushi Matsuo Takeshi Fujiwara Tomoaki Watanabe Nobuhiro Matsushita Masahiro Yoshimura 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2008,91(7):2083-2087
Crystalline CeO2 films and patterns have been successfully fabricated in a "single-step process" at moderate temperature. In this process, the combination of the ink-jet technique and depositing the precursor on a hot substrate (≤300°C) gave crystalline CeO2 without further heat treatment. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the phase formed was crystallized ceria with nanosized (<10 nm) crystallites. The film thickness was several hundred nanometers and the pattern width was about 150 μm. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the films and patterns were free of cracks and adhered to the substrate. This is the first report about the direct patterning of crystalline CeO2 without postfiring or posttreatments like masking, etching, etc. 相似文献
34.
Inés S. Neira Francisco Guitián Takaaki Taniguchi Tomoaki Watanabe Masahiro Yoshimura 《Journal of Materials Science》2008,43(7):2171-2178
We report an effective method for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite whiskers with sharp faceted hexagonal shape employing a
low temperature (90 °C) hydrothermal route with calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, diammonium phosphate and urea as starting materials.
The key parameters of the synthesis process i.e. duration, temperature cycle of the treatment and starting pH value are carefully
varied and the end products are investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman-scattering, infrared spectroscopy
(IR), elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron
microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction (ED), and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) in order to find the optimal reaction conditions
that lead to the desired hexagonal morphology of HA whiskers. The results demonstrate that gradual and greater increase in
solution pH during the hydrothermal process favors large quantity of the single-crystalline hydroxyapatite whiskers with well
defined hexagonal morphology. 相似文献
35.
Liposome‐Based in Vitro Evolution of Aminoacyl‐tRNA Synthetase for Enhanced Pyrrolysine Derivative Incorporation
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Dr. Atsuko Uyeda Dr. Takayoshi Watanabe Dr. Yasuhiko Kato Prof. Hajime Watanabe Prof. Tetsuya Yomo Prof. Takahiro Hohsaka Dr. Tomoaki Matsuura 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2015,16(12):1797-1802
Methanosarcina species pyrrolysyl‐tRNA synthetase (PylRS) attaches Pyl to its cognate amber suppressor tRNA. The introduction of two mutations (Y384F and Y306A) into PylRS was previously shown to generate a mutant, designated LysZ‐RS, that was able to attach N‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐L ‐lysine (LysZ) to its cognate tRNA. Despite the potential of LysZ derivatives, further LysZ‐RS engineering has not been performed; consequently, we aimed to generate LysZ‐RS mutants with improved LysZ incorporation activity through in vitro directed evolution. Using a liposome‐based in vitro compartmentalization (IVC) approach, we screened a randomly mutagenized gene library of LysZ‐RS and obtained a mutant that showed increased LysZ incorporation activity both in vitro and in vivo. The ease and high flexibility of liposome‐based IVC should enable the evolution of not only LysZ‐RS that can attach various LysZ derivatives but also of other enzymes involved in protein translation. 相似文献
36.
Masatake Yamaguchi Ken-Ichi Ebihara Mitsuhiro Itakura Tomoko Kadoyoshi Tomoaki Suzudo Hideo Kaburaki 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2011,42(2):330-339
The microscopic mechanism of grain boundary (GB) embrittlement in metals by hydrogen segregation (trapping) has been not well
understood for many years. From first-principles calculations, we show here that the calculated cohesive energy of bcc Fe
Σ3(111) and fcc Al(Cu) Σ5(012) symmetrical tilt GBs can be significantly reduced if many hydrogen atoms segregate at the GBs.
This indicates that the reduction of the cohesive energy of the GB may cause the hydrogen-induced GB embrittlement in Fe,
Al, and Cu. Considering the “mobile” effect of hydrogen during fracture, especially for the Fe system, more hydrogen atoms
coming from solid solution state can segregate on the gradually formed two fracture surfaces and reduce further the cohesive
energy. We suggest a new idea about the upper and lower critical stresses observed in the constant-load test of hydrogen-induced
delayed fracture in high-strength steels; the upper critical stress is determined by the amount (density) of “immobile” hydrogen
atoms segregated at the GB before fracture, and the lower critical stress is determined by the total amount (density) of immobile
and mobile hydrogen atoms, the latter of which segregate on the two fracture surfaces during fracture. 相似文献
37.
Guisheng Zhai Shohei Okuno Joe Imae Tomoaki Kobayashi 《Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems》2011,63(2):309-322
In this paper, we study a consensus problem for multi-agent systems via dynamic output feedback control. The entire system
is decentralized in the sense that each agent can only obtain output information from its neighbor agents. For practical purpose,
we assume that actuator limitation exists, and require that the consensus be achieved among the agents at a specified convergence
rate. By using an appropriate coordinate transformation, we reduce the consensus problem on hand to solving a strict matrix
inequality, and then propose to use the homotopy based method for solving the matrix inequality. It turns out that our algorithm
includes the existing graph Laplacian based algorithm as a special case. 相似文献
38.
Comparison was made of the ability of two dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists, nitrendipine and felodipine, to prevent a range of signs of ethanol withdrawal. The increases in handling-induced behavior seen in mice during withdrawal from chronic ethanol treatment were prevented by administration of nitrendipine, 50 mg/kg, but not by, felodipine, 10 mg/kg, a dose that caused a similar displacement of dihydropyridine binding in central nervous system tissue, in vivo and in vitro. A higher dose of felodipine, 20 mg/kg, also had no effects. Nitrendipine, but not felodipine, prevented audiogenic seizures during the withdrawal phase. Similarly, nitrendipine prevented both the decrease in thresholds for N-methyl-DL-aspartate seizures and the increase in thresholds for convulsions due to 4-aminopyridine, which were seen during the withdrawal period, while felodipine did not alter either of these changes. Withdrawal from the ethanol chronic treatment increased the thresholds to seizures produced by intravenous aminophylline; this change was also prevented by nitrendipine. The significance of this increase in thresholds was lost after felodipine administration. In naive mice (not treated with ethanol) the doses of nitrendipine and felodipine used in the withdrawal studies were tested against the effects of convulsant drugs. Both dihydropyridines increased, to similar extents, the thresholds for seizures produced by bicuculline, pentylenetetrazol, and by N-methyl-DL-aspartate. The thresholds for aminophylline were unaltered by either dihydropyridine. In contrast, the thresholds for seizures due to 4-aminopyridine in the naive animals were not changed by felodipine, but were increased by nitrendipine. The results suggest that changes in potassium, as well as calcium, may possibly be involved in some of the stages of the ethanol withdrawal syndrome. 相似文献
39.
Recovery of liquid fuel from hydrocarbon-rich microalgae by thermochemical liquefaction 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Yutaka Dote Shigeki Sawayama Seiichi Inoue Tomoaki Minowa Shin-ya Yokoyama 《Fuel》1994,73(12):1855-1857
Liquefaction of Botryococcus braunii, a colony-forming microalga, with high moisture content was performed with or without sodium carbonate as a catalyst for conversion into liquid fuel and recovery of hydrocarbons. A greater amount of oil than the content of hydrocarbons in B. braunii (50 wt% db) was obtained, in a yield of 57–64 wt% at 300 °C. The oil was equivalent in quality to petroleum oil. The recovery of hydrocarbons was a maximum (>95%) at 300 °C. 相似文献
40.
Kazuki Shibanuma Tomoaki Utsunomiya Shuji Aihara 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2014,97(8):551-581
The application of the XFEM to fracture mechanics is effective, because a crack can be modeled independently from the meshes and a complex remeshing procedure can be avoided. However, the classical XFEM has an essential problem in the approximation of partially enriched elements, that is, blending elements, which causes a lack of accuracy. For the weighted XFEM, although the numerical results show the effective improvements, it was found that the issue of blending elements still remains upon detailed examination. In the present paper, the PU‐XFEM is formulated as an explicit application of the partition of unity (PU) approach to the XFEM, in order to precisely reproduce a priori knowledge of the solution by enrichment. The PU‐XFEM is applied to two‐dimensional linear fracture mechanics, and its effectiveness is verified. It is consequently found out that the PU‐XFEM precisely reproduces a priori knowledge of the solution and is therefore effective to completely solve the problem of the blending elements. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献