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51.
A new segment quantization method using the Lempel-Ziv algorithm is proposed, and it is applied to quantize line spectral frequency parameters in speech codec. The proposed segment quantizer can save four bits per frame, compared with the ITU-T G.729 speech codec (18 bits/frame), without degradation of subjective or objective speech quality  相似文献   
52.
The present status of microprocessor applications in various fields of electric power systems is summarized. Special attention is directed towards development trends in the protection field where microprocessor applications are expected to cope with the increasingly stringent requirements for electric power supply reliability. Also discussed are the history, roles, design philosophy and basic schemes of microprocessor-based protective relaying systems. Only recently has their application reached a practical stage after long-term study and repeated field tests.  相似文献   
53.
A new automatic cloud detection method to process the large data sets required for long-term trends in AVHRR time series images is described and tested over the Far East region. In the cloud detection method, a simple NDVI test was used to roughly separate land from ocean. After the NDVI test we carried out two tests: a visible or near-infrared test and an infrared test. Results from the cloud detection method over the Far East region are presented. In order to assess the cloud detection method, a comparison was carried out between the method presented and the Saunders and Kriebel daytime procedure using the N-Land database. We found that in general, the method presented has better performance than the Saunders and Kriebel procedure by about 0.5% to 10.5%.  相似文献   
54.
This paper addresses multi-agent control under an environment where both agent-to-agent communication and one-to-all broadcast are available. The problem studied here is a consensus problem for a pre-specified location, i.e. collecting the agents at a desired location in an n-dimensional space, with a limited communication range and an unlimited broadcast range, which is a nice example to be solved under the mixed environment. For solving this, we first introduce a concept of the connected agent group. Using this notion, the problem is reduced to a consensus problem for the group-to-group relation and that for the agent-to-agent relation in the groups, from which we derive a controller achieving the consensus with probability 1. Finally, the performance of the proposed controller is demonstrated by numerical simulation.  相似文献   
55.
In order to realize cellular network analysis on a chip-based system, our group has been developing a patterned cell culture microdevice with pillars in an array for tapping cells into space surrounded by the pillars. The pillar structures has advantages to trap both adhesive and non-adhesive cells and to precisely control positions of cells and distances between cells for understanding effects of various cell patterns on functions of a cellular network such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and network formation. In this paper, HeLa cell cultivation with the patterned cell culture microdevice having a pillar array fabricated by dry film of thick negative photoresist SU-8 on a glass substrate was executed as a feasibility study on a cellular network analysis. The results revealed that the device performance was found to be enough to culture HeLa cells for more than 48 h. In addition, relative extensibility of blocks of multiple cells compared with single cells tapped on the device was observed. Thus, the patterned cell culture microdevice proposed here could be applicable to analysis of cellular functions.  相似文献   
56.
This paper introduces generalized canonical transformations for generalized Hamiltonian systems which convert a generalized Hamiltonian system into another one, and preserve the generalized Hamiltonian structure of the original. As in classical mechanics, it is expected that canonical transformations will provide new insights and fundamental tools for both analysis and synthesis of those systems. Firstly, the class of generalized canonical transformations and some of their properties are indicated. Secondly, it is shown how to stabilize the generalized Hamiltonian systems using canonical transformations. In addition, some examples illustrate how such transformations are utilized for control systems design.  相似文献   
57.
The piezoresistive mechanisms of composite thick films based on RuO2 particles and both calcium-borosilicate and bismuth-borosilicate glass matrices were investigated by chemical and electrical microanalyses. The resistor based on bismuth-borosilicate glass showed higher sensitivity than that based on calcium-borosilicate glass. It was confirmed that the diffusion of ruthenium into glass affects the binding state of RuO2 at the interface of the glass. Furthermore, an intermediate resistive layer is detected around the RuO2 particle. These results suggest that the piezoresistive effect is related to a change in the electrical conductivity of the interfacial reaction layer caused by the diffusion of ruthenium into glass.  相似文献   
58.
Methane+ethane+1,1-dimethylcyclohexane+water system was investigated by using Raman spectroscopy and isothermal phase equilibrium measurements under four-phase (gas+aqueous+large guest species+hydrate phases) equilibrium conditions at 288.15 K. The results suggest that three kinds of hydrate structures emerge at 288.15 K in the methane+ethane+1,1-dimethylcyclohexane+water system. The hydrate structure for this system changed from structure-H to structure-I via structure-II with increase in the mole ratio of ethane to methane.  相似文献   
59.
The purpose of this paper is to develop design scheme based on an easy-to-use meta-heuristic approach with superior reliability and validity for fixed-structure robust controllers, satisfying both multiple control specifications and system stability conditions. For this purpose, a particle swarm optimizer is first developed, which reduces the probability of premature convergence to local optima in the PSO (particle swarm optimization) by exploiting the particle’s local social learning based on the idea of cyclic-network topology. Next, it is shown how to obtain a fixed-structure robust controller with constraints on multiple H specifications and system stability based on the developed PSO technique incorporated with a simple constraint handling method. Finally, typical numerical examples are studied to show the applicability of the proposed methodology to the synthesis of fixed-structure robust controllers. These examples clearly verify that the developed design scheme gives a novel and powerful impetus with remarkable reliability to fixed-structure robust controller syntheses.  相似文献   
60.
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