IR and UV-visible spectroscopic studies of the adsorption of 3-fluorobenzoic acid on Au(1 1 1), Au(1 0 0) and Au(1 1 0) electrodes in neutral solution

3-Fluorobenzoic acid adsorbed on Au(1 1 1), Au(1 0 0) and Au(1 1 0) electrodes has been investigated using in situ IR reflection spectroscopy, UV-visible reflectivity measurements, and differential capacity measurements. As determined by IR reflection spectroscopy, the vertically adsorbed 3-fluorobenzoate is the predominant species at positive potentials, and the flat-lying type is adsorbed at negative potentials. In the UV-visible reflectivity measurements, the reflectivity changes for the vertically adsorbed and flat-lying 3-fluorobenzoates on the Au(1 0 0) electrode were observed at different frequency regions. No UV-visible reflectivity signal was observed for the Au(1 1 0) electrode, and it was proved that the UV-visible reflectivity change has a strong single crystal surface dependence. For the vertical configuration, a large contribution between the 5d orbital of Au and the 2p orbital of oxygen in 3-fluorobenzoate was found for the cluster model by DFT calculation.     

Synthesis of fixed-structure robust controllers using a constrained particle swarm optimizer with cyclic neighborhood topology

The purpose of this paper is to develop design scheme based on an easy-to-use meta-heuristic approach with superior reliability and validity for fixed-structure robust controllers, satisfying both multiple control specifications and system stability conditions. For this purpose, a particle swarm optimizer is first developed, which reduces the probability of premature convergence to local optima in the PSO (particle swarm optimization) by exploiting the particle’s local social learning based on the idea of cyclic-network topology. Next, it is shown how to obtain a fixed-structure robust controller with constraints on multiple H_∞ specifications and system stability based on the developed PSO technique incorporated with a simple constraint handling method. Finally, typical numerical examples are studied to show the applicability of the proposed methodology to the synthesis of fixed-structure robust controllers. These examples clearly verify that the developed design scheme gives a novel and powerful impetus with remarkable reliability to fixed-structure robust controller syntheses.     

Influence of Bile Salts on the Permeability Through the Nasal Mucosa of Rabbits of Insulin in Comparison with Dextran Derivatives

The nasal drug absorption and the effect of absorption promoters have been studied in rabbits. Nasal mucosa excised from rabbits was mounted as a flat sheet in an in vitro chamber. The result indicates that the change in the porosity of the membrane by pretreatment with bile salts increased the permeability coefficient of sodium chloride in the nasal membrane. The permeabilities of dextran derivatives were enhanced by pretreatment with sodium glycocholate (GC). The permeability coefficient (P) of fluorescein isothiocyanate diethylaminoethyl dextran     

An ontological approach to designers’ idea explanation style: Towards supporting the sharing of kansei-ideas in textile design

In human-centered design activities, each designer has his or her own ideas about emotional aspect (or kansei) of new products. It is a key issue to share this vague kansei-idea appropriately at the earliest stage of design activities. This paper shows a novel ontological engineering approach to support kansei-idea sharing. The approach focuses on an idea explanation style as the wisdom of the design team. Ontological engineering has been making contributions to systematize knowledge and vocabulary by modeling them. Needless to say, it is difficult to model the vague kansei-idea itself. However, if the modeled object is shifted from the kansei-idea to the kansei-idea explanation style, it can provide the benefit of modeling. We investigated the effectiveness of the ontological engineering approach, and concluded that to construct an ontological framework of designers’ explanations is especially useful regarding these points: clarification of the essence of the explanation style, discovery of problems in explanations, and analyzing difficulties in acquiring explanation style for novices. From the investigation, what we can support and how a support system should be designed became clear. Furthermore, we built a kansei-idea sharing support system, and obtained the results of its initial trials.     

Chiral recognition ability of oligopeptide derivatives consisting of glutamyl residues

The effect of the constituting amino acid residue [Glu(OBzl)] number on the chiral recognition ability was investigated. Chiral recognition sites were prepared from oligopeptide derivatives (constituting amino acid residue number = three–five) by adopting alternative molecular imprinting. It was made clear that with a constituting amino acid residue number of four, the tetrapeptide derivative of Glu(OBzl) is the best candidate material to generate a chiral recognition site among eight types of oligopeptide derivatives in the study. The affinity constant between Ac‐L ‐Trp and a chiral recognition site ranged from 3.4 × 10³ to 1.08 × 10⁴ mol^?1 dm³, depending on the number of Glu(OBzl) residues in an oligopeptide derivative. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 1302–1309, 2005     

Secondary neutral and ionized particle measurements under MeV-energy ion bombardment

We have measured both secondary neutral and ionized particles from an InSb target under 3.0 MeV Si ion bombardment. Measurements of both ions and neutrals have not been carried out so far in the MeV-energy range. The mass spectra and axial emission energy distributions of secondary particles were investigated. Secondary ions were measured with a linear- and a reflective-type time-of-flight technique, whereas secondary neutral particles were photo-ionized by a UV pulsed laser (ArF: 193 nm) and measured with a reflective-type time-of-flight technique. Different results were obtained for neutral particles in comparison with ionized particles. The mean energy of neutral Sb atoms was much lower than that of neutral In atoms, whereas the mean energies of secondary In and Sb ions were nearly equal.     

Capacitance-voltage characteristics of Semiconductor-Insulator-Semiconductor (SIS) structure

The ideal low- and high-frequency capacitance-voltage curves of a semiconductor(2)-insulator-semiconductor(1) (SIS) structure were first calculated with the insulator thickness, conductivity types and doping concentrations in semiconductor(1) and semiconductor(2) as parameters. The effects of fixed oxide charge and interface trap charge on the low and high frequency capacitance-voltage curves were also calculated. It was found that the fixed oxide sheet charge density with its centroid and the order estimation of the interface trap charge density with its effective type in addition to the insulator thickness, conductivity types and doping concentrations in semiconductor(1) and semiconductor(2) could be estimated from measured low and high frequency capacitance-voltage curves of an SIS structure.     

INTEGRATED CONTROL FOR VEHICLE YAW MOTIONUSING DOUBLECOSTFUNCTION LQR

The front steering angle control and its integration with the direct yaw moment control are suggested to enhance the handling performance for heavyduty vehicles based on a 3D vehicle modelThe doublecostf unction LQR methodology (DLQR) which extends the concept and the applicable field of LQR to express the practical requirements more plainly,is proposed to determine the control input value:compensation value of front steering angle in the optimal model A simple autotuning proportion controller is employed in direct yaw moment control to regulate the moment timely The simulation results show that front steering angle control using DLQR,has good ability to achieve the desired steering output in the different running conditionsDLQR is more powerful to balance many factors effectively based on the explicit mathematics expression of the physics of the problem than LQR does