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81.
Noriyuki Hayashi Tetsuo Sugahara Shin‐Ichiro Tsuru Masanori Hara 《IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering》2006,1(2):194-206
A centrifugal method was used to fabricate large‐scale functionally graded materials (FGMs) from solid‐particles/viscous‐matrix mixtures at room temperature. The conventional simulation procedure of the centrifugal process was improved by considering the dependency of the viscosity η of the mixture on the packing fraction νp of particle, the effects of arbitrary shape of the actual fillers on η, the statistical dispersion of the diameters of the actual fillers, and the formation and growth of the fully packed layer (FPL) near the FGM bottom. The new simulation method was applied to three centrifugal processes employed for experimental FGM fabrications from alumina/epoxy mixtures. The numerical profiles of νp are in good agreement with the experimental ones regardless of the shapes of fillers and 'ponding viscosity of the solutions without fillers, the total amount of fillers loaded, and the centrifugal conditions. The saturating nature of νp near the far end of the FGM column is also simulated with reasonable precision. Finally, the manner in which the particles exert varying influences on the gradient of νp is demonstrated: the particles exhibit different movements depending on their size. On the basis of these results, the effectiveness of the new simulation method proposed is confirmed for the modeling of similar processes involved in the fabrication of FGMs from solid‐particles/viscous‐matrix mixtures by the centrifugal method. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
82.
Xun Tang Umamahesh Balijapalli Daichi Okada Buddhika S. B. Karunathilaka Chathuranganie A. M. Senevirathne Yi-Ting Lee Zhao Feng Atula S. D. Sandanayaka Toshinori Matsushima Chihaya Adachi 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(43):2104529
Rationally manipulating the functional substituents plays a crucial role in tuning the luminescence and lasing properties of organic gain media. Herein, a cyanophenyl-moiety, which exhibits relatively weaker electron affinity, is connected to 2,6-dicarbonitrile diphenyl-1λ5-phosphinine (DCNP) via para-linking. Resultantly, the appreciated locally-excited characteristics ensuring a large oscillator strength and high radiative rate can be reserved in DCNP-4-(4-cyanophenyl) (DCNP-pCN). Interestingly, the weak charge-transfer state from the relative donor (D)/acceptor (A) interplay enables small singlet-triplet splitting (ΔEST ≈ 0.45 eV). Thus the triplets generated on DCNP-pCN can be efficiently scavenged by 4,4'-bis[(N-carbazole)styryl]biphenyl (BSBCz), which is used as the host with a lower-lying triplet energy level for DCNP-pCN. Moreover, benefitting from the mediation between the conjugated length extension and weak D/A interplay, the emission spectrum cannot be largely shifted, which can effectively suppress the overlap between the lasing emission of DCNP-pCN and the excited-state absorption of BSBCz, thereby avoiding detrimental singlet-triplet annihilation. Thus, high-quality distributed feedback lasings with ≈2.0 μJ cm−2 thresholds are achieved, and the organic light-emitting diodes exhibit external quantum efficiency exceeding 2.0% without efficiency rolloff under high current injection, indicating the potential for electrical-pumping organic lasings. 相似文献
83.
Toru Moriyama Jun-ichi Mashiko Toshinori Matsui Koichiro Enomoto Tetsuya Matsui Kojiro Iizuka Masashi Toda Yukio Pegio Gunji 《Artificial Life and Robotics》2016,21(3):247-252
The soldier crab appears in great numbers and feeds while wandering during daytime low tide. When they see an approaching object, they screw themselves into the sand. The mechanism of formation of mass wandering has not been clarified. In this study, to investigate if the soldier crabs use visual images of neighbors as a stimulus for wandering, dummy crabs were presented to crabs. In the experiments, one, two, four, or eight dummies were placed in a circle on a sand arena. Each crab was placed in the center of the arena and observed whether it burrowed into the sand or wandered. The proportions of wandering individuals in each experimental treatment were compared with the expected value. Significantly more crabs were wanderers when only two and four dummies were present. This result suggests that soldier crabs chose burrowing or wandering depending on visual image of the distribution of the neighbors. 相似文献
84.
A photocatalytic membrane reactor for gas-phase reactions using porous titanium oxide membranes 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Toshinori Tsuru Takehiro Kan-no Tomohisa Yoshioka Masashi Asaeda 《Catalysis Today》2003,82(1-4):41-48
Photocatalytic membrane reactors using porous titanium oxide membranes having pore sizes of several nanometers were utilized for a gas-phase reaction of methanol. Air mixed with methanol (MeOH) vapor, the concentration of which was controlled in the range of 500–6000 ppm, was fed to the photocatalytic membrane reactor in the range of 50–500 cm3/min using several types of flow patterns. Photocatalysis with membrane permeation resulted in a large decomposition rate, compared to photocatalysis without membrane permeation. The characteristics of the reaction such as decomposition ratio of MeOH, the conversion of the decomposed MeOH to CO2 and H2O were found to be a function of the residence time in the reactor. The photocatalytic reaction was analyzed based on pseudo-first-order kinetics to ascertain its simplicity, and the fitted curves were found to be in a relatively good agreement with the experimental data. Apparent rate constants with and without membrane permeation were 2.5 and 1.5×10−6 m s−1, respectively, indicating that the performance of the photocatalytic reaction system with membrane permeation was enhanced. 相似文献
85.
Yoshinobu Nayatani Toshinori Mori Kenjiro Hashimoto Kotaro Takahama Hiroaki Sobagaki 《Color research and application》1990,15(5):272-284
The color-appearance models developed by R. W. G. Hunt (model H) and Y. Nayatoni and his collaborators (model N) are compared. The following color perceptions are analyzed: (1) colorfulness under illuminant C for NCS samples, (2) colorfulness change by changing illuminant C to illuminant A, (3) colorfulness change by changing adaptign illuminance, (4) Helson-Judd effect on achromatic colors under saturated chromatic illuminants, and (5) brightness and lightness. Special features of each model are made clear. In addition, a deatailed discussion is given on the mechanism introbucing the Helson-Judd effect and on the model formulations, especially in model H. 相似文献
86.
Yoshinori Kitatsuji Masato Tsuru Tetsuya Takine Yuji Oie 《Telecommunication Systems》2008,37(1-3):97-108
In traffic engineering (TE), it is vital to take traffic characteristics of the flows into account in appropriately assigning the flows to multiple network paths to achieve better delay performance as a whole in order to effectively distribute traffic flows over the paths. This paper presents a novel traffic characteristic-aware flow assignment method to reduce the queuing delay in a fundamental case where two types of flows with distinct traffic characteristics (e.g., burstiness) are distributed into two paths. First, we extensively analyze the queuing delays in assigning flows in the manner of various combinations of flows in terms of minimizing the worst queuing delay among two paths and show that it is not easy to find the optimal flow assignment when the paths have different bandwidths. Second, we propose an on-line flow assignment method for the different-bandwidth paths and show that the numerical simulation with the method finds a nearly optimal flow assignment and outperforms up to 40% compared with the conventional path-bandwidth-based flow assignment. Our evaluation suggests that considering the traffic characteristics in the flow distribution over multiple paths significantly improves the delay performance when the flows have distinct characteristics. 相似文献
87.
Yasuhiko Ito Kiyoshi Tsuru Jun Oishi Yoshinori Miyazaki Teruo Kodama 《Journal of power sources》1985,16(1):75-82
An Li2CO3/Na2CO3/K2CO3 eutectic melt has been selected as an example of a molten-carbonate system and the suitability of a stabilized zirconia—air electrode as an oxide-ion concentration indicator for this melt has been confirmed.With this indicator, the dissociation constant of the reaction CO32? (?) = CO2(g) + O2? (?) in this melt has been determined to be Kd = PCO2 [O2?] = 4.03 × 10?3 Pa at 873 KReproducible measurements were obtained throughout the experiment and this method might find further application in the study of reactions related to the oxide ion in carbonate melts. 相似文献
88.
89.
Simultaneous Edge‐on to Face‐on Reorientation and 1D Alignment of Small π‐Conjugated Molecules Using Room‐Temperature Mechanical Rubbing 下载免费PDF全文
Jean‐Charles Ribierre Toshihiko Tanaka Li Zhao Yuki Yokota Shinya Matsumoto Daisuke Hashizume Kazuto Takaishi Tsuyoshi Muto Benoît Heinrich Stéphane Méry Fabrice Mathevet Toshinori Matsushima Masanobu Uchiyama Chihaya Adachi Tetsuya Aoyama 《Advanced functional materials》2018,28(19)
In this study, room‐temperature mechanical rubbing is used to control the 3D orientation of small π‐conjugated molecular systems in solution‐processed polycrystalline thin films without using any alignment substrate. High absorption dichroic ratio and significant anisotropy in charge carrier mobilities (up to 130) measured in transistor configuration are obtained in rubbed organic films based on the ambipolar quinoidal quaterthiophene (QQT(CN)4). Moreover, a solvent vapor annealing treatment of the rubbed film is found to improve the optical and charge transport anisotropy due to an increased crystallinity. X‐ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy measurements demonstrate that rubbing does not only lead to an excellent 1D orientation of the QQT(CN)4 molecules over large areas but also modifies the orientation of the crystals, moving molecules from an edge‐on to a face‐on configuration. The reasons why a mechanical alignment technique can be used at room temperature for such a polycrystalline film are rationalized, by the plastic characteristics of the QQT(CN)4 layer and the role of the flexible alkyl side chains in the molecular packing. This nearly complete conversion from edge‐on to face‐on orientation by mechanical treatment in polycrystalline small‐molecule‐based thin films opens perspectives in terms of fundamental research and practical applications in organic optoelectronics. 相似文献
90.
Degradation mechanism of galvanized steel in wet-dry cyclic environment containing chloride ions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The wet-dry cyclic test of a galvanized steel (GI) and pure zinc (ZN), which simulates marine atmospheric environment, has been conducted to clarify the degradation mechanism of galvanized steel. The samples were exposed to alternate conditions of 1 h-immersion in a 0.05 M NaCl solution and 7 h-drying at 25 °C and 60%RH, and the corrosion was monitored for 10 days (30 cycles) using a two-electrode type probe. Simultaneously, the corrosion potential was measured every three cycles only during the immersed conditions. The reciprocal of polarization resistance Rp−1 was taken as an index of the corrosion rate. Several sample plates of GI and ZN were exposed, together with the monitoring probes. They were removed from the test chamber at the end of 1st, 3rd, 9th, 18th, and 30th cycles of exposure and were analyzed for the corrosion products with XRD and laser Raman spectroscopy. Further, their cross sections were analyzed with FESEM-EDS. The FESEM photographs and elemental analysis of cross sections confirmed that the Rp−1 value commences to decrease when the corrosion front reaches Zn-Fe alloy layers (boundary layers of zinc coating and steel substrate) due to localized nature of attack. A schematic model of degradation mechanism and the role of galvanic protection have been discussed. 相似文献