The Effectiveness of Latent Semantic Analysis for Building Up a Bottom-up Taxonomy from Folksonomy Tags

In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of a semantic smoothing technique to organize folksonomy tags. Folksonomy tags have no explicit relations and vary because they form uncontrolled vocabulary. We discriminates so-called subjective tags like “cool” and “fun” from folksonomy tags without any extra knowledge other than folksonomy triples and use the level of tag generalization to form the objective tags into a hierarchy. We verify that entropy of folksonomy tags is an effective measure for discriminating subjective folksonomy tags. Our hierarchical tag allocation method guarantees the number of children nodes and increases the number of available paths to a target node compared to an existing tree allocation method for folksonomy tags.     

An optimum design of robotic food handling by using Burger model

This paper discusses an optimum design approach on robotic food handling by considering the characteristics of viscoelasticity of object. We pick up a traditional Japanese food, “Norimaki” as a typical example with the viscoelastic characteristics. We first show that the dynamic characteristics of Norimaki can be expressed by utilizing the Burger model. After testing the parameter sensitivity, we show an example of the optimum design for determining the combination of the hand stiffness and the operating velocity. We further show that the resultant plastic deformation can be formulated with the exact solution.     

Homo- and copolymerizations of 3-(N-carbazolyl)-1-propyne and its homologues by Mo and W catalysts

Summary 3-(N-Carbazolyl)-1-propyne polymerized with MoCl₅- and WCl₆-based catalysts to produce a polymer in high yields. The MoCl₅ and MoCl₅-n-Bu₄Sn catalysts were the most effective (the systems solidified immediately after initiation of polymerization with these catalysts). The product polymer was a yellow solid insoluble in any solvent. Copolymerization of the present monomer with tert-butylacetylene by MoCl₅-n-Bu₄Sn produced a copolymer; it had a high molecular weight (M _w 350,000), completely dissolved in toluene, CHCl₃ etc, and formed a free-standing film by solution casting. -N-Carbazolyl-1-hexyne and-1-octyne produced toluene-insoluble polymers with WCl₆-Ph₄Sn.     

Threshold for Millimeter-Wave (60 GHz)-Induced Ocular Injury

Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves - Millimeter waves (MMW) absorbed by skin or cornea may induce damage by heat. We have developed a 60 GHz MMW exposure-induced eye...     

High-temperature oxidation of Al-deposited stainless-steel foils

The oxidation resistance of Al-deposited Fe–Cr–Al foils containing small amounts of La and Ce was assessed by a cyclic oxidation test with temperature varying between room temperature and 1323 K to 1423 K in static air. (1) The Al content of Fe–Cr–Al–La, Ce foils can be increased by depositing an Al layer from the vapor phase. The deposition of a 1-m-thick Al layer on both sides of the 50-m-thick foil is equivalent to a 1.5 mass% increase in the Al content. The deposited Al diffuses into the foil during heat treatment. The uniform distribution of Al is obtained by heating at 1273 K for 18 ks. (2) After the initial transition stage the oxidation follows the parabolic law until breakaway sets in. The scale consists mainly of -Al₂O₃ during the parabolic period. (3) The increase in the Al content by more than 5 mass% by the Al-deposition remarkably improves high-temperature oxidation resistance (smaller parabolic rate constant and longer protection time). (4) The Al-deposited foils have better oxidation resistance than the conventional foils with the same contents of Al and rare-earth elements. This is attributable to the different nature of the initially formed oxide on the Al-deposited foil. (5) The so-called rare-earth element effect was also observed for the Al-deposited foils. Predominant diffusion of oxygen through the Al₂O₃ scale and vacancy-sink mechanism are applicable to the present results.     

Recurrent infomax generates cell assemblies, neuronal avalanches, and simple cell-like selectivity

Recently multineuronal recording has allowed us to observe patterned firings, synchronization, oscillation, and global state transitions in the recurrent networks of central nervous systems. We propose a learning algorithm based on the process of information maximization in a recurrent network, which we call recurrent infomax (RI). RI maximizes information retention and thereby minimizes information loss through time in a network. We find that feeding in external inputs consisting of information obtained from photographs of natural scenes into an RI-based model of a recurrent network results in the appearance of Gabor-like selectivity quite similar to that existing in simple cells of the primary visual cortex. We find that without external input, this network exhibits cell assembly-like and synfire chain-like spontaneous activity as well as a critical neuronal avalanche. In addition, we find that RI embeds externally input temporal firing patterns to the network so that it spontaneously reproduces these patterns after learning. RI provides a simple framework to explain a wide range of phenomena observed in in vivo and in vitro neuronal networks, and it will provide a novel understanding of experimental results for multineuronal activity and plasticity from an information-theoretic point of view.     

Design of an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control for uncertain discrete-time nonlinear systems based on noisy measurements

This paper presents the design of an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control (AFSMC) for uncertain discrete-time nonlinear dynamic systems. The dynamic systems are described by a discrete-time state equation with nonlinear uncertainties, and the uncertainties include the modelling errors and the external disturbances to be unknown but nonlinear with the bounded properties. The states are measured by the restriction of measurement sensors and the contamination with independent measurement noises. The nonlinear uncertainties are approximated by using the fuzzy IF-THEN rules based on the universal approximation theorem, and the approximation error is compensated by adding an adaptive complementary term to the proposed AFSMC. The fuzzy inference approach based on the extended single input rule modules is proposed to reduce the number of the fuzzy IF-THEN rules. The estimates for the un-measurable states and the adjustable parameters are obtained by using the weighted least squares estimator and its simplified one. It is proved that under some conditions the estimation errors will remain in the vicinity of zero as time increases, and the states are ultimately bounded subject to the proposed AFSMC. The effectiveness of the proposed method is indicated through the simulation experiment of a simple numerical system.     

Fabrication of sub-micron structures for MEMS using deep X-ray lithography

Fabrication techniques of microstructures with high resolution and high aspect ratio are necessary for practical microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) that have high performance and integration. In order to fabricate microstructures with sub-micron resolution and high aspect ratio, deep X-ray lithography has been investigated using the compact synchrotron radiation (SR) light source called “AURORA”. An X-ray mask for sub-micron deep X-ray lithography, which is composed of 1 μm thick Au as absorbers, 2 μm thick SiC as a membrane and 625 μm thick Si as a frame, was designed. In preliminary experiments, the following results were achieved: EB resist microstructures with an aspect ratio of 22 corresponding with 0.07 μm width and 1.3 μm height were formed; a 10 μm thick PMMA resist containing no warp was formed by direct polymerization, enabling more precise gap control.