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51.
Toshiyuki Iguchi Sakae Takenaka Keizo Nakagawa Yoshiki Orita Hideki Matsune Masahiro Kishida 《Topics in Catalysis》2009,52(6-7):563-570
Formation of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through the decomposition of ethylene at 973 K was achieved using various metal catalysts covered with silica layers. CNFs of various diameters were formed by ethylene decomposition over a Co metal catalyst supported on the outer surface of the silica. In contrast, silica-coated Co catalysts formed CNTs with uniform diameters by ethylene decomposition. Silica-coated Ni/SiO2 and Pt/carbon black also formed CNTs with uniform diameters, while CNFs and CNTs with various diameters were formed over Ni/SiO2 and Pt/carbon black without a silica coating. These results indicate that silica layers that envelop metal particles prevent sintering of the metal particles during ethylene decomposition. This results in the preferential formation of CNTs with a uniform diameter. 相似文献
52.
Ji-Guang Li Takayasu Ikegami Toshiyuki Mori 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2005,88(4):817-821
We report here the fabrication of transparent Sc2 O3 ceramics via vacuum sintering. The starting Sc2 O3 powders are pyrolyzed from a basic sulfate precursor (Sc(OH)2.6 (SO4 )0.2 ·H2 O) precipitated from scandium sulfate solution with hexamethylenetetramine as the precipitant. Thermal decomposition behavior of the precursor is studied via differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and elemental analysis. Sinterability of the Sc2 O3 powders is studied via dilatometry. Microstructure evolution of the ceramic during sintering is investigated via field emission scanning electron microscopy. The best calcination temperature for the precursor is 1100°C, at which the resultant Sc2 O3 powder is ultrafine (∼85 nm), well dispersed, and almost free from residual sulfur contamination. With this reactive powder, transparent Sc2 O3 ceramics having an average grain size of ∼9 μm and showing a visible wavelength transmittance of ∼60–62% (∼76% of that of Sc2 O3 single crystal) have been fabricated via vacuum sintering at a relatively low temperature of 1700°C for 4 h. 相似文献
53.
Koji Sugano Yuki Uchida Osamu Ichihashi Hideo Yamada Toshiyuki Tsuchiya Osamu Tabata 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2010,9(6):1165-1174
Gold nanoparticles with diameters of a few tens of nanometer and a narrow size distribution were synthesized using a pulsed
mixing method with a microfluidic system which consists of a Y-shaped mixing microchannel and two piezoelectric valveless
micropumps. This mixing method enables control of the mixing speed of gold salts and reducing agent by changing the switching
frequency of the micropumps, which was our focus to improve the particle size distribution, which is an essential parameter
in gold nanoparticle synthesis. In the proposed method, the mixing time was inversely proportional to the switching frequency
and the minimum mixing time was 95 ms at a switching frequency of 200 Hz. During synthesis experiments, the mean diameter
of the synthesized gold nanoparticles was found to increase, and the coefficient of variation of particle size was found to
decrease with decreasing mixing time. We successfully improved the coefficient of variation to less than 10% for a mean diameter
of around 40 nm. 相似文献
54.
Hiroyuki Kamata Shun-ichiro Ueno Naoki Sato Toshiyuki Naito 《Fuel Processing Technology》2009,90(7-8):947-951
Mercury oxidation by hydrochloric acid over the metal oxides supported by anatase type TiO2 catalysts, 1 wt.% MOx/TiO2 where M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Mo, was investigated by the Hg0 oxidation and the NO reduction measurements both in the presence and absence of NH3. The catalysts were characterized by BET surface area measurement and Raman spectroscopy. The metal oxides added to the catalyst were observed to disperse well on the TiO2 surface. For all catalysts studied, the Hg0 oxidation by hydrochloric acid was confirmed to proceed. The activity of the catalysts was found to follow the trend MoO3 ~ V2O5 > Cr2O3 > Mn2O3 > Fe2O3 > CuO > NiO. The Hg0 oxidation activity of all catalysts was depressed considerably by adding NH3 to the reactant stream. This suggests that the metal oxide catalysts undergo the inhibition effect by NH3. The activity trend of the Hg0 oxidation in the presence of NH3 was different from that observed in its absence. A good correlation was found between the NO reduction and the Hg0 oxidation activities in the NH3 present condition. The catalyst having high NO reduction activity such as V2O5/TiO2 showed high Hg0 oxidation activity. The result obtained in this study suggests that the oxidation of Hg0 proceeds through the reaction mechanism, in which HCl competes for the active catalyst sites against NH3. NH3 adsorption may predominate over the adsorption of HCl in the presence of NH3. 相似文献
55.
Takanori Takeno Toshifumi Sugawara Hiroyuki Miki Toshiyuki Takagi 《Diamond and Related Materials》2009,18(5-8):1023-1027
Tribological properties of a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating with an adhesive tungsten-containing DLC (W-DLC) layer were investigated. The coatings were deposited onto AISI316L steel substrates and Si wafers using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and tungsten co-sputtering of the metal target. Methane and argon gases were used as the precursor of the coatings. In this study, three types of coatings were evaluated: DLC/W-DLC on AISI316L (DLC-1), DLC/W-DLC on Si wafer (DLC-2), and DLC on Si wafer (DLC-3). The structural characterizations were performed by transmission electron microscopy and tapping mode atomic force microscopy. At the boundary between the W-DLC layer and the AISI316L substrate, microscopic decohesion or delamination was not observed. The surface roughness of the DLC-1 coating was greater than that of the DLC-2 coating. This feature was derived from the surface roughness of the initial surface of the AISI316L substrate. Friction tests were performed using a rotation-type ball-on-flat configuration tribometer. The observed friction of the DLC-1 coating was unstable compared with the DLC-2 or DLC-3 coatings. This was due to wear debris which had risen to the friction surface resulting in unstable friction on the DLC-1 coating. During the friction studies, the top DLC layer was removed from the adhesive W-DLC layer because the adhesive strength at this part was not enough. In order to achieve the low and stable friction of the DLC coating with the W-DLC layer on AISI316L, it is necessary to improve the smoothness of the surface and the adhesion between the DLC coating and the W-DLC layer. 相似文献
56.
Song Chen Toshiyuki Ikoma Nobuhiro Ogawa Satoshi Migita Hisatoshi Kobayashi Nobutaka Hanagata 《Science and Technology of Advanced Materials》2010,11(3)
Novel type I collagen hybrid fibrils were fabricated by neutralizing a mixture of type I fish scale collagen solution and type I porcine collagen solution with a phosphate buffer saline at 28 °C. Their structure was discussed in terms of the volume ratio of fish/porcine collagen solution. Scanning electron and atomic force micrographs showed that the diameter of collagen fibrils derived from the collagen mixture was larger than those derived from each collagen, and all resultant fibrils exhibited a typical D-periodic unit of ∼67 nm, irrespective of volume ratio of both collagens. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed only one endothermic peak for the fibrils derived from collagen mixture or from each collagen solution, indicating that the resultant collagen fibrils were hybrids of type I fish scale collagen and type I porcine collagen. 相似文献
57.
Masayuki Ohta Keitaro Kondo Masayuki Matsunaka Hiroyuki Miyamaru Isao Murata Toshiyuki Iida Kentaro Ochiai Chikara Konno 《Fusion Engineering and Design》2009,84(7-11):1446-1449
Integral benchmark experiments with DT neutrons are not always sufficient for nuclear data benchmarking in the MeV region, below 10 MeV. A neutron spectrum shifter, which will be placed between a sample and a DT neutron source, is effective to moderate DT neutrons incident to the sample. In order to estimate effects of the spectrum shifter, the ratio of the contribution of 14 MeV neutrons in the leakage neutron and gamma-ray spectra was calculated with MCNP-4C for an experimental configuration at FNS of JAEA, Japan. The calculations were carried out for a Li2TiO3 sample with a Be, D2O, or 7LiD spectrum shifter. It was found out that the Be shifter was superior to others and the Be shifter was effective to decrease the contribution of 14 MeV neutrons especially for secondary gamma-ray spectrum measurements. 相似文献
58.
Nanoparticles of Pd-Sn were prepared under various conditions by applying ultrasonic irradiation, and their electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction was evaluated in 0.5 M KOH. The average size of Pd-Sn nanoparticles thus prepared was about 3-5 nm. The Pd in Pd-Sn nanoparticles was found to be mostly in the metallic state. The electrocatalytic activity of the Pd-Sn nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is greater than Pt or Pd nanoparticles in alkaline media. The molar ratio of Pd to Sn metal ions in the synthesizing solution, their initial concentrations, the concentration of ethanol, which increases primary hydrogen radicals during sonolysis, and the concentration of citric acid were found to affect the size distribution of the Pd-Sn nanoparticles, and therefore, those factors controlled the electrocatalytic activity for ORR. Particularly, the concentration of citric acid was found to be important for controlling the surface property on Pd-Sn particles to adjust the electrocatalytic activity for ORR. 相似文献
59.
Core business concentration vs. corporate diversification in the US electric utility industry: Synergy and deregulation effects 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Many economists such as Wilson (2002) [Wilson, R., 2002. Architecture of power market, Econometrica, 70, 1299–1340] have considered that there are similarities between electricity and gas services in the US electric utility industry. Hence, they expect a synergy effect between them. However, the two businesses do not have technology similarities at the level that the gas service produces a synergy effect with electricity. To examine whether there is a synergy effect of corporate diversification in the industry, we compare electricity-specialized firms with diversified utility firms in terms of their financial performance and corporate value. The comparison indicates that core business concentration is more effective for electric utility firms than corporate diversification under the current US deregulation policy. 相似文献
60.
Nishimura K Suzuki T Itabashi Y 《Shokuhin eiseigaku zasshi. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan》2002,43(4):230-233
A highly sensitive HPLC with fluorescence detection was developed for the determination of free fatty acids (FFAs) in milk and dairy products. For this purpose, the FFAs were extracted from small amounts of milk (1.0 mL), cheese (0.5 g) and butter (0.5 g) using Sep-Pak cartridge columns, and then derivatized to 9-anthrylmethyl esters with 9-anthryldiazomethane (ADAM). Good separations of the ADAM derivatives of 16 FFAs (C4-C18) that exist in milk, cheese and butter, which permitted quantitative estimation of their individual FFAs, were achieved by HPLC on a C18 column (Cadenza CD-C18, 150 x 3 mm i.d.) using gradient elution with methanol and water. The acid values calculated from the contents of individual FFAs were in good agreement with those obtained by the conventional titration method. These results demonstrate that the present HPLC method is simple, sensitive and precise, and could be utilized widely for determination of the FFAs in milk and dairy products. 相似文献